Canonical Classics ← 第九十六回
第九十六回
寇kòu員yuán外wài喜xǐ待dài高gāo僧sēng
唐táng長zhǎng老lǎo不bù貪tān富fù貴guì

Squire Kou Gladly Entertains the Eminent Monk · The Tang Elder Is Not Greedy for Wealth and Rank

待有人出來
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

待有人出來 Wait Till Somebody Comes Out

正zhèng行xíng時shí,見jiàn一yí個gè虎hǔ坐zuò門mén樓lóu,門mén裡lǐ邊biān影yǐng壁bì上shàng掛guà著zhe一yí面miàn大dà牌pái,書shū著zhe「萬wàn僧sēng不bù阻zǔ」四sì字zì。三sān藏zàng道dào:「西xī方fāng佛fó地dì,賢xián者zhě愚yú者zhě,俱jù無wú詐zhà偽wěi。那nà二èr老lǎo說shuō時shí,我wǒ猶yóu不bú信xìn,至zhì此cǐ果guǒ如rú其qí言yán。」八bā戒jiè村cūn野yě,就jiù要yào進jìn去qù。行xíng者zhě道dào:「獃dāi子zi且qiě住zhù,待dài有yǒu人rén出chū來lái,問wèn及jí何hé如rú,方fāng好hǎo進jìn去qù。」沙shā僧sēng道dào:「大dà哥gē說shuō得de有yǒu理lǐ,恐kǒng一yì時shí不bù分fēn內nèi外wài,惹rě施shī主zhǔ煩fán惱nǎo。」在zài門mén口kǒu歇xiē下xià馬mǎ匹pǐ、行xíng李lǐ。正zhèng行xíng时shí,见jiàn一yí个gè虎hǔ坐zuò门mén楼lóu,门mén里lǐ边biān影yǐng壁bì上shàng挂guà着zhe一yí面miàn大dà牌pái,书shū着zhe「万wàn僧sēng不bù阻zǔ」四sì字zì。三sān藏zàng道dào:「西xī方fāng佛fó地dì,贤xián者zhě愚yú者zhě,俱jù无wú诈zhà伪wěi。那nà二èr老lǎo说shuō时shí,我wǒ犹yóu不bú信xìn,至zhì此cǐ果guǒ如rú其qí言yán。」八bā戒jiè村cūn野yě,就jiù要yào进jìn去qù。行xíng者zhě道dào:「呆dāi子zi且qiě住zhù,待dài有yǒu人rén出chū来lái,问wèn及jí何hé如rú,方fāng好hǎo进jìn去qù。」沙shā僧sēng道dào:「大dà哥gē说shuō得de有yǒu理lǐ,恐kǒng一yì时shí不bù分fēn内nèi外wài,惹rě施shī主zhǔ烦fán恼nǎo。」在zài门mén口kǒu歇xiē下xià马mǎ匹pǐ、行xíng李lǐ。


逐句解 Line by line

正zhèng行xíng時shí,見jiàn一yí個gè虎hǔ坐zuò門mén樓lóu,門mén裡lǐ邊biān影yǐng壁bì上shàng掛guà著zhe一yí面miàn大dà牌pái,書shū著zhe「萬wàn僧sēng不bù阻zǔ」四sì字zì。 正zhèng行xíng时shí,见jiàn一yí个gè虎hǔ坐zuò门mén楼lóu,门mén里lǐ边biān影yǐng壁bì上shàng挂guà着zhe一yí面miàn大dà牌pái,书shū着zhe「万wàn僧sēng不bù阻zǔ」四sì字zì。

As they went they saw a tiger-crouch gatehouse; inside the gate, hanging on the screen wall, was a great board with four characters written on it: Ten Thousand Monks Not Turned Away.

影壁 is the screen wall — a free-standing panel set a few paces inside a gateway so that nobody in the street can see straight into the courtyard. It has a practical job and a second one: a house was believed to be safer if bad influences, which were held to travel in straight lines, met a wall on the way in. So think about where Kou Hong has hung his sign. Not on the street front, where it would be an advertisement. On the screen wall, where you can only read it once you have already stepped through his gate. It is the difference between a notice and a welcome. And here the four characters appear for the third and last time, now in the narrator's own voice with the plain outer brackets — the same words that the old man wrapped one way and Tripitaka wrapped the other.

三sān藏zàng道dào:「西xī方fāng佛fó地dì,賢xián者zhě愚yú者zhě,俱jù無wú詐zhà偽wěi。那nà二èr老lǎo說shuō時shí,我wǒ猶yóu不bú信xìn,至zhì此cǐ果guǒ如rú其qí言yán。」 三sān藏zàng道dào:「西xī方fāng佛fó地dì,贤xián者zhě愚yú者zhě,俱jù无wú诈zhà伪wěi。那nà二èr老lǎo说shuō时shí,我wǒ犹yóu不bú信xìn,至zhì此cǐ果guǒ如rú其qí言yán。」

Tripitaka said, "This is Buddha ground, here in the west. Wise or foolish, there is no deceit in any of them. When the two old men told me I still did not quite believe it, and now here it is, exactly as they said."

He admits he doubted them. That is a small and rather lovely piece of characterisation: a man whose entire journey rests on faith, standing in front of a wooden board and confessing that he had not quite credited two strangers on a bench. 賢者愚者,俱無詐偽 — wise and foolish alike, no deceit in them — is him over-generalising wildly from one sign, which is also in character. The chapter will not contradict him. Nobody in Diling county lies to anybody in this chapter; the trouble, when it comes, comes from people being too generous rather than too crooked.

八bā戒jiè村cūn野yě,就jiù要yào進jìn去qù。行xíng者zhě道dào:「獃dāi子zi且qiě住zhù,待dài有yǒu人rén出chū來lái,問wèn及jí何hé如rú,方fāng好hǎo進jìn去qù。」 八bā戒jiè村cūn野yě,就jiù要yào进jìn去qù。行xíng者zhě道dào:「呆dāi子zi且qiě住zhù,待dài有yǒu人rén出chū来lái,问wèn及jí何hé如rú,方fāng好hǎo进jìn去qù。」

Bajie, being a boor, was for going straight in. Wukong said, "Hold on, idiot. Wait till somebody comes out and asks us what we want — then we can go in properly."

村野 is a flat little word meaning rustic, unpolished, the manners of somebody from a village. The narrator applies it to Bajie without comment, as a fact about him. And then the genuinely funny part. The one insisting on correct form here is Wukong — the disciple who in the first seven chapters of this book ate the peaches of immortality, drank the elixir, wrecked a banquet in heaven and fought the entire celestial army. He is now explaining doorstep etiquette to a pig. It is not a joke the novel underlines, and it is one of the ways it shows that fourteen years on the road have changed him. Nobody says he has improved. He simply behaves better, in a passage about nothing at all.

沙shā僧sēng道dào:「大dà哥gē說shuō得de有yǒu理lǐ,恐kǒng一yì時shí不bù分fēn內nèi外wài,惹rě施shī主zhǔ煩fán惱nǎo。」在zài門mén口kǒu歇xiē下xià馬mǎ匹pǐ、行xíng李lǐ。 沙shā僧sēng道dào:「大dà哥gē说shuō得de有yǒu理lǐ,恐kǒng一yì时shí不bù分fēn内nèi外wài,惹rě施shī主zhǔ烦fán恼nǎo。」在zài门mén口kǒu歇xiē下xià马mǎ匹pǐ、行xíng李lǐ。

Shaseng said, "Big brother is right. If we push in without knowing what is inside and what is out, we shall only vex our host." They set the horse and the baggage down at the gate.

不分內外 — not telling inside from outside — is more specific than it looks. A house of this sort is divided: the outer rooms where guests are received and business is done, and the inner ones where the family lives and the women of the household are. Walking past that line uninvited is the exact rudeness Shaseng is warning against. Hold onto it, because the chapter is going to walk right up to that line on purpose. Kou Hong's wife and his two sons will both come out to the front rooms to look at the visitors, and the squire will send them back inside before the men sit down to eat. The household's inner boundary is one of the things Chapter 96 is quietly interested in. 說得有理 takes the light reading, handing the verb off to the verdict — the plain dictionary answer gives the full one, as it does at nine sites in this chapter. Shaseng is named seven times in Chapter 96 and speaks four of those times; this is the only one where he backs his elder brother outright, and it settles the matter in a sentence.


總評 Commentary

The four of them arrive at the door of the most hospitable house in the county and then stand outside it. That is the whole passage, and it is a very deliberate piece of staging: the sign says ten thousand monks are never turned away, and the monks decline to test it until somebody invites them.

The argument that produces this is the party at its most settled. Bajie wants to walk in, because there is food. Wukong says wait, because that is not how you enter a house. Shaseng agrees with Wukong and puts a reason to it. Nobody shouts, nobody is beaten, and the whole thing is over in three exchanges — which for these four is close to a miracle.

And Tripitaka's admission in the middle is the quiet centre of it. He doubted two old men who turned out to be telling the plain truth. Everything in this chapter that goes wrong later will go wrong for the opposite reason: people who mean exactly what they say, saying it far more insistently than anybody wants.