Canonical Classics ← 第四十回
第四十回
yīngérhuàchánxīnluàn
yuándāoguīkōng

The Baby, Playing at Transformation, Throws the Chan-Mind into Chaos · Ape and Horse, the Sword-Crucible and Wood-Mother, Come to Naught

結拜弟兄
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

結拜弟兄 結拜弟兄 | Seven Sworn Brothers

xíngzhědào:「gāngcáizhèhuǒréndōushìběnjìngshānshénwènyāoguàideyuányīndàoshìniúwángdeérziluóchàyǎngdemínghuànzuòhóngháiérhàoshèngyīngwángxiǎnglǎosūnbǎiniánqiánnàotiāngōngshíbiànyóutiānxiàmíngshānxúnfǎngháojiéniúwángcénglǎosūnjiéxiōngbānliùwángzhǐyǒulǎosūnshēngdexiǎoqiǎoniúwángchēngwéizhèyāojīngshìniúwángdeérziqīnxiāngshíruòlùnjiāngláiháishìlǎoshūlizěngǎnhàishīmenchènzǎolái。」xíngzhědào:「gāngcáizhèhuǒréndōushìběnjìngshānshénwènyāoguàideyuányīndàoshìniúwángdeérziluóchàyǎngdemínghuànzuòhóngháiérhàoshèngyīngwángxiǎnglǎosūnbǎiniánqiánnàotiāngōngshíbiànyóutiānxiàmíngshānxún访fǎngháojiéniúwángcénglǎosūnjiéxiōngbānliùwángzhǐyǒulǎosūnshēngdexiǎoqiǎoniúwángchēngwéizhèyāojīngshìniúwángdeérziqīnxiāngshíruòlùnjiāngláiháishìlǎoshūlizěngǎnhàishīmenchènzǎolái。」


逐句解 Line by line

xíngzhědào:「gāngcáizhèhuǒréndōushìběnjìngshānshénwènyāoguàideyuányīndàoshìniúwángdeérziluóchàyǎngdemínghuànzuòhóngháiérhàoshèngyīngwáng xíngzhědào:「gāngcáizhèhuǒréndōushìběnjìngshānshénwènyāoguàideyuányīndàoshìniúwángdeérziluóchàyǎngdemínghuànzuòhóngháiérhàoshèngyīngwáng

Pilgrim said: "That crowd just now were all the earth-spirits and mountain-gods of this district. I asked them where the monster came from, and they said he is the son of the Bull Demon King, born of the Rākṣasī, that his name is Red Boy, and his title the Sage-Boy Great King.

He repeats the spirits' testimony back, which is how the novel makes sure the reader has it. is dōu, "the whole crowd of them." In 兒子 and 紅孩兒 the is a word in its own right, "child," and keeps its full ér — quite unlike the weightless tacked onto 小名兒 and 話兒 earlier in the chapter. 羅剎 transcribes the Sanskrit rākṣasa, a flesh-eating spirit, and its second character is read chà in that name, not the shā of an ordinary temple. is hào, a formal style as opposed to a milk-name.

xiǎnglǎosūnbǎiniánqiánnàotiāngōngshíbiànyóutiānxiàmíngshānxúnfǎngháojiéniúwángcénglǎosūnjiéxiōng xiǎnglǎosūnbǎiniánqiánnàotiāngōngshíbiànyóutiānxiàmíngshānxún访fǎngháojiéniúwángcénglǎosūnjiéxiōng

Recall that five hundred years ago, when old Sun made his great uproar in Heaven, I roamed all the famous mountains under the sky seeking out the stout fellows of the earth, and that Bull Demon King once bound himself to old Sun as one of seven sworn brothers.

And there it is. Sworn brotherhood — 結七弟兄 — was a real and binding institution, not a figure of speech: men who were no relation swore an oath before Heaven and thereafter ranked each other as elder and younger brothers, with all the claims that implies. Wukong is arguing that the demon owes him the deference due to a family elder. 那牛魔王 takes the pointing .

bānliùwángzhǐyǒulǎosūnshēngdexiǎoqiǎoniúwángchēngwéi bānliùwángzhǐyǒulǎosūnshēngdexiǎoqiǎoniúwángchēngwéi

There were five or six demon kings of the same sort, and only old Sun had been born small and neat — so we styled the Bull Demon King eldest brother.

A lovely piece of self-deprecation with a boast folded inside it. The text says only that he was the smallest of them, and that this is why the bull got the eldest's title — the rank that follows is left for the reader to work out. In 生得小巧 the is the light hinge de, joining the verb to how it turned out — "born in such a way as to be small and neat." And 稱為 has as wéi, "to be, to serve as," not the wèi that means "on behalf of."

zhèyāojīngshìniúwángdeérziqīnxiāngshíruòlùnjiāngláiháishìlǎoshūlizěngǎnhàishī zhèyāojīngshìniúwángdeérziqīnxiāngshíruòlùnjiāngláiháishìlǎoshūlizěngǎnhàishī

This demon is the Bull Demon King's son; I am acquainted with his father. Reckon it up, and I stand as his old uncle — how would he dare harm my Master?

The whole argument in one line, and it hangs on a word for an uncle. 老叔 is a father's younger sworn brother, which is precisely what Wukong is: a generation above the Red Boy by oath, entitled to respect he has done nothing to earn. 相識 has the mutual , xiāng — they know each other. In 若論將起來, "if you reckon it up," the is the one that carries a verb along into a direction, jiāng, as in 跳將起去 earlier. 還是 takes hái, "actually, when it comes to it."

menchènzǎolái。」 menchènzǎolái。」

Let us go at once."

Six characters, and the confidence in them is the problem. Wukong has talked himself out of caution entirely.


總評 Commentary

Here the novel cashes a debt it has been carrying since its opening chapters. The Bull Demon King is not a new name: he was the eldest of seven sworn brothers, of whom Wukong — the smallest of them, by his own account — was one, in the years before Heaven was overturned and a mountain dropped on him. Sworn brotherhood was a real institution and not a turn of phrase. Men of no blood relation swore before Heaven and thereafter owed each other everything a brother owes. So Wukong's claim is precise and, in its own terms, sound: he stands to the Red Boy as 老叔, the father's younger sworn brother, a generation up.

What makes the passage more than a genealogy is the tone. Wukong is enjoying himself, and the boast is folded into the modesty — five or six demon kings, and only he was 生得小巧, born small and neat, which is why the bull got the eldest's place. It is the voice of the Monkey King before the pilgrimage, and it has been a long time since we heard it. The reader, who has watched this demon calmly torture the party for a whole chapter and who knows what kind of fire is waiting in the cave, is likely to find the confidence alarming rather than reassuring — which is exactly the effect the chapter wants as it hands over to the next.