Canonical Classics ← 第四回
第四回
guānfēngxīn
míngzhùtiānwèiníng

Appointed Bìmǎwēn, His Heart Finds It Not Enough · His Name Listed Equal to Heaven, His Will Is Still Unstilled

天門受阻
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原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

天門受阻 Barred at Heaven's Gate

tàibáijīnxīngměihóuwángtóngchūledòngtiānshēnchùjiàyúnéryuánláikōngjīndǒuyúnzhòngtóngshífēnkuàijīnxīngpiēzàinǎohòuxiānzhìnántiānménwàizhèngshōuyúnqiánjìnbèizēngzhǎngtiānwánglǐngzhepángliúgǒudèngxīnzhāngtáotiāndīngqiāngdāojiàndǎngzhùtiānménkěnfàngjìnhóuwángdào:「zhèjīnxīnglǎoérnǎijiānzhàzhīqǐnglǎosūnjiàoréndòngdāodòngqiāngmén?」zhèngrǎngjiānjīnxīngshūdàokōngjiù覿miànhěndào:「zhèlǎoérzěnmehǒngbèishuōfèngzhāoānzhǐláiqǐngquèzěnmejiàozhèxiērénzhùtiānménfànglǎosūnjìn?」jīnxīngxiàodào:「wángláiwèicéngdàotiāntángquèyòumíngzhòngtiāndīngyòuxiāngshízěnkěnfàngshànděngjīnjiànletiānzūnshòulexiānzhùleguānmíngxiànghòusuíchūshuídǎng?」kōngdào:「zhèděngshuōjìnle。」jīnxīngyòuyòngshǒuchězhùdào:「háitóngjìn。」jiāngjìntiānménjīnxīnggāojiàodào:「tiānméntiānjiàngxiǎobīngfàngkāizhěnǎixiàjièxiānrénfèngshèngzhǐxuānlái。」zēngzhǎngtiānwángzhòngtiāndīngcáiliǎnbīng退tuìhóuwángshǐxìnyántóngjīnxīnghuǎnguānkànzhēnshìtàibáijīnxīngměihóuwángtóngchūledòngtiānshēnchùjiàyúnéryuánláikōngjīndǒuyúnzhòngtóngshífēnkuàijīnxīngpiēzàinǎohòuxiānzhìnántiānménwàizhèngshōuyúnqiánjìnbèizēngzhǎngtiānwánglǐngzhepángliúgǒudèngxīnzhāngtáotiāndīngqiāngdāojiàndǎngzhùtiānménkěnfàngjìnhóuwángdào:「zhèjīnxīnglǎoérnǎijiānzhàzhīqǐnglǎosūnjiàoréndòngdāodòngqiāngmén?」zhèngrǎngjiānjīnxīngshūdàokōngjiùmiànhěndào:「zhèlǎoérzěnmehǒngbèishuōfèngzhāoānzhǐláiqǐngquèzěnmejiàozhèxiērénzhùtiānménfànglǎosūnjìn?」jīnxīngxiàodào:「wángláiwèicéngdàotiāntángquèyòumíngzhòngtiāndīngyòuxiāngshízěnkěnfàngshànděngjīnjiànletiānzūnshòulexiānzhùleguānmíngxiànghòusuíchūshuídǎng?」kōngdào:「zhèděngshuōjìnle。」jīnxīngyòuyòngshǒuchězhùdào:「háitóngjìn。」jiāngjìntiānménjīnxīnggāojiàodào:「tiānméntiānjiàngxiǎobīngfàngkāizhěnǎixiàjièxiānrénfèngshèngzhǐxuānlái。」zēngzhǎngtiānwángzhòngtiāndīngcáiliǎnbīng退tuìhóuwángshǐxìnyántóngjīnxīnghuǎnguānkànzhēnshì


逐句解 Line by line

tàibáijīnxīngměihóuwángtóngchūledòngtiānshēnchùjiàyúnér tàibáijīnxīngměihóuwángtóngchūledòngtiānshēnchùjiàyúnér

The Star-Lord of Venus and the Handsome Monkey King came forth together from the depths of the grotto-heaven and rose as one upon the clouds.

Wukong is leaving home for the first time as an invited guest of Heaven, and the text is careful about both places. A 洞天 (dòng tiān), a grotto-heaven, is the Daoist name for a sacred cave-world; tradition counted thirty-six of them, each a complete little paradise with its own doorway between earth and sky. A pocket universe with an entrance, in other words. And he is still 美猴王, the Handsome Monkey King, the title he won in chapter 1 — the narrator lets him keep it as he rises.

yuánláikōngjīndǒuyúnzhòngtóngshífēnkuàijīnxīngpiēzàinǎohòuxiānzhìnántiānménwài yuánláikōngjīndǒuyúnzhòngtóngshífēnkuàijīnxīngpiēzàinǎohòuxiānzhìnántiānménwài

Now Wukong's somersault cloud was unlike the others' — so swift that it flung the Star-Lord far behind, and he reached the gate of the Southern Heaven first.

He cannot even travel politely. The 觔斗雲 (jīn dǒu yún), his somersault cloud, was learned from Patriarch Subhūti, and the novel will later put its range at 108,000 a jump; is simply a variant way of writing (jīn). Leaving his official escort somewhere over the horizon is the chapter in one image: raw ability outrunning the rank it is supposed to fit into.

zhèngshōuyúnqiánjìnbèizēngzhǎngtiānwánglǐngzhepángliúgǒudèngxīnzhāngtáotiāndīngqiāngdāojiàndǎngzhùtiānménkěnfàngjìn zhèngshōuyúnqiánjìnbèizēngzhǎngtiānwánglǐngzhepángliúgǒudèngxīnzhāngtáotiāndīngqiāngdāojiàndǎngzhùtiānménkěnfàngjìn

Just as he meant to rein in his cloud and press ahead, Heavenly King Virūḍhaka, leading the mighty heavenly troops — Páng, Liú, Gǒu, Bì, Dèng, Xīn, Zhāng, and Táo — with spears, sabers, swords, and halberds, blocked the gate and would not let him pass.

The gate has a commander and a named door-staff. 增長天王 — Zēngzhǎng in Chinese, Virūḍhaka in Sanskrit — is the Guardian King of the South, one of the 四大天王, the Four Heavenly Kings; his is zhǎng, "to increase," not cháng, "long." The eight surnames belong to the 大力天丁 (dà lì tiān dīng), Heaven's strongarm soldiers, whom later Daoist ritual lists among the marshals of the Thunder Department, 雷部.

hóuwángdào:「zhèjīnxīnglǎoérnǎijiānzhàzhīqǐnglǎosūnjiàoréndòngdāodòngqiāngmén?」 hóuwángdào:「zhèjīnxīnglǎoérnǎijiānzhàzhīqǐnglǎosūnjiàoréndòngdāodòngqiāngmén?」

The Monkey King said, "This Star-Lord is a crafty old schemer! He himself summoned me — so why has he set men here to brandish blade and spear and bar my way?"

Wukong's first words inside Heaven are an insult. 老兒 (lǎo ér) is ordinary speech for "old fellow, old codger," with a curl of contempt in it; the keeps its full weight as ér, "one, fellow," and is not the swallowed northern ending. is jiào here, "to make somebody do something."

zhèngrǎngjiānjīnxīngshūdào zhèngrǎngjiānjīnxīngshūdào

In the midst of his shouting, the Star-Lord arrived in a flash.

One character does all the work: (shū), "in a flash." The old envoy materialises at the exact moment the monkey's temper boils over.

kōngjiù覿miànhěndào:「zhèlǎoérzěnmehǒngbèishuōfèngzhāoānzhǐláiqǐngquèzěnmejiàozhèxiērénzhùtiānménfànglǎosūnjìn?」 kōngjiùmiànhěndào:「zhèlǎoérzěnmehǒngbèishuōfèngzhāoānzhǐláiqǐngquèzěnmejiàozhèxiērénzhùtiānménfànglǎosūnjìn?」

Wukong rounded on him face to face and said hotly, "You old codger — how dare you trick me? You said you came bearing the Jade Emperor's edict of amnesty to summon me, so why have you set these men to bar the gate of Heaven and keep me out?"

覿面 (dí miàn) is "face to face, head-on" — he rounds on the old man rather than muttering behind him. The word to hold on to, though, is 招安 (zhāo ān), the fixed term for an emperor offering a rebel a pardon and a job in the same breath. If you cannot beat them, hire them. It is Heaven's standing policy towards Wukong, and this chapter runs it twice.

jīnxīngxiàodào:「wángláiwèicéngdàotiāntángquèyòumíngzhòngtiāndīngyòuxiāngshízěnkěnfàngshànděngjīnjiànletiānzūnshòulexiānzhùleguānmíngxiànghòusuíchūshuídǎng?」 jīnxīngxiàodào:「wángláiwèicéngdàotiāntángquèyòumíngzhòngtiāndīngyòuxiāngshízěnkěnfàngshànděngjīnjiànletiānzūnshòulexiānzhùleguānmíngxiànghòusuíchūshuídǎng?」

The Star-Lord said with a smile, "Calm your anger, Great King. You have never come to this heavenly hall before; you have no name upon its rolls, and the heavenly troops have never met you — how could they let you barge in? Once you have seen the Most Honored One, received your immortal's register, and had your office entered, you may come and go as you please thereafter, and who would bar you then?"

The Star-Lord's answer is pure paperwork, and it is meant to be. A 仙籙 (xiān lù) is a register of immortals, the Daoist document that makes an appointment real; once your name is on the roll you have standing, and the gate opens on sight. 天尊, "Most Honoured," here means the Jade Emperor. In this Heaven, power without registration counts for nothing — Wukong has the strength of a god and the credentials of a stranger at the door.

kōngdào:「zhèděngshuōjìnle。」 kōngdào:「zhèděngshuōjìnle。」

Wukong said, "Put that way — fine. I won't go in."

也罷 (yě bà), "fine, then" — a sulky climb-down that gives in without admitting it. In 不進 the shifts to because the falling tone of follows it.

jīnxīngyòuyòngshǒuchězhùdào:「háitóngjìn。」 jīnxīngyòuyòngshǒuchězhùdào:「háitóngjìn。」

The Star-Lord caught hold of his hand again and said, "Come in along with me, won't you."

is hái here, the coaxing "come on, after all," not huán, "to give back." The tug at the sleeve is half order and half wheedle, and it ends the standoff.

jiāngjìntiānménjīnxīnggāojiàodào:「tiānméntiānjiàngxiǎobīngfàngkāizhěnǎixiàjièxiānrénfèngshèngzhǐxuānlái。」 jiāngjìntiānménjīnxīnggāojiàodào:「tiānméntiānjiàngxiǎobīngfàngkāizhěnǎixiàjièxiānrénfèngshèngzhǐxuānlái。」

Nearing the gate, the Star-Lord called out loudly, "You gate-wardens, generals, and officers great and small — clear the way! This is an immortal of the lower world; I come by the Jade Emperor's holy command to usher him in."

This is a security check performed at volume. 下界仙人, "an immortal of the lower world," says what Wukong is; 玉帝聖旨, "the Jade Emperor's command," says who sent him. Together they are enough to open the gate. In 天將 the is jiàng, "general."

zēngzhǎngtiānwángzhòngtiāndīngcáiliǎnbīng退tuì zēngzhǎngtiānwángzhòngtiāndīngcáiliǎnbīng退tuì

Only then did Heavenly King Virūḍhaka and the host of troops draw back their weapons and stand aside.

俱才 (jù cái), "only then did they all —." The spears come down for the edict, not for the monkey.

hóuwángshǐxìnyántóngjīnxīnghuǎnguānkàn hóuwángshǐxìnyántóngjīnxīnghuǎnguānkàn

The Monkey King, now trusting his words, stepped slowly inside alongside the Star-Lord to take it all in.

緩步, "at a measured pace." The cloud-somersaulting show-off walks in slowly, taking everything in.

zhēnshì zhēnshì

And truly it was a sight to behold —

真個是, "and truly it was —." A storyteller's cue: whenever this phrase lands, a big set-piece description is about to start. Here it opens the long poem on the courts of Heaven.


總評 Commentary

Every chapter of the novel carries a two-line title, and this one gives the game away up front: 官封弼馬心何足名注齊天意未寧 — appointed Bìmǎwēn, how could his heart be content; his name enrolled as Equal to Heaven, his will is still unquiet. Those are the chapter's two halves, a dead-end job in the stables and then a magnificent-sounding title, and both lines end on the same sour note: 何足, "how could that be enough," and 未寧, "still not settled." The subject is not Wukong's defeat. It is that you cannot buy off an appetite with a job title, and Heaven is about to try twice.

The gate scene stages that on a small stage. Wukong's cloud leaves his escort far behind — ability outrunning rank — and then he reaches the door and the door does not open. He is 無名, "nameless," not on the roll. The Star-Lord's remedy is entirely procedural: meet the sovereign, collect your 仙籙, get the post recorded, and after that the gates part on sight. Andrew Plaks reads the novel's Heaven as an empire of registers and ranks, and the scene bears him out: the monkey who scratched his own name out of the ledgers of death one chapter ago must now agree to be written into the ledgers of employment before anyone will let him through a door.

There is an older way of reading this, and the novel invites it. Wukong is the 心猿, the "mind-monkey" — the restless attention that will not sit still, a figure Chan Buddhism and Daoist inner alchemy both use, and the ancestor of the English phrase "monkey mind." The cloud that overshoots its own guide is a mind faster than its training. The shut gate is what ungoverned spirit walks into when it tries to force its way upward. And 招安, pardon plus appointment, is Heaven's wager that a restless faculty can be settled by giving it a desk instead of a beating. The rest of the chapter collects on that wager and finds the money short: a title is not a transformation, and no seal of office ever quieted anybody.