Canonical Classics ← 第四十七回
第四十七回
聖shèng僧sēng夜yè阻zǔ通tōng天tiān水shuǐ
金jīn木mù垂chuí慈cí救jiù小xiǎo童tóng

The Holy Monk Is Barred at Night by the Water That Reaches the Sky · Metal and Wood, Extending Mercy, Rescue the Little Children

唐僧責徒
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

唐僧責徒 The Master Scolds His Disciples

三sān藏zàng攙chān那nà老lǎo者zhě,走zǒu上shàng廳tīng堂táng,燈dēng火huǒ全quán無wú,三sān人rén嘻xī嘻xī哈hā哈hā的de還hái笑xiào。唐táng僧sēng罵mà道dào:「這zhè潑pō物wù,十shí分fēn不bú善shàn。我wǒ朝cháo朝cháo教jiào誨huì,日rì日rì叮dīng嚀níng。古gǔ人rén云yún:『不bú教jiào而ér善shàn,非fēi聖shèng而ér何hé?教jiào而ér後hòu善shàn,非fēi賢xián而ér何hé?教jiào亦yì不bú善shàn,非fēi愚yú而ér何hé?』汝rǔ等děng這zhè般bān撒sā潑pō,誠chéng為wéi至zhì下xià至zhì愚yú之zhī類lèi。走zǒu進jìn門mén不bù知zhī高gāo低dī,諕xià倒dǎo了le老lǎo施shī主zhǔ,驚jīng散sàn了le念niàn經jīng僧sēng,把bǎ人rén家jiā好hǎo事shì都dōu攪jiǎo壞huài了le,卻què不bú是shì墮duò罪zuì與yǔ我wǒ?」說shuō得de他tā們men不bù敢gǎn回huí言yán。那nà老lǎo者zhě方fāng信xìn是shì他tā徒tú弟dì,急jí回huí頭tóu作zuò禮lǐ道dào:「老lǎo爺yé,沒méi大dà事shì,沒méi大dà事shì。才cái然rán關guān了le燈dēng,散sàn了le花huā,佛fó事shì將jiāng收shōu也yě。」八bā戒jiè道dào:「既jì是shì了liǎo帳zhàng,擺bǎi出chū滿mǎn散sàn,酒jiǔ飯fàn來lái,我wǒ們men吃chī了le睡shuì覺jiào。」老lǎo者zhě叫jiào:「掌zhǎng燈dēng來lái,掌zhǎng燈dēng來lái。」家jiā裡lǐ人rén聽tīng得dé,大dà驚jīng小xiǎo怪guài道dào:「廳tīng上shàng念niàn經jīng,有yǒu許xǔ多duō香xiāng燭zhú,如rú何hé又yòu教jiào掌zhǎng燈dēng?」幾jǐ個gè僮tóng僕pú出chū來lái看kàn時shí,這zhè裡lǐ黑hēi洞dòng洞dòng的de,即jí便biàn點diǎn火huǒ把bǎ燈dēng籠lóng,一yì擁yōng而ér至zhì。忽hū擡tái頭tóu見jiàn八bā戒jiè、沙shā僧sēng,慌huāng得de丟diū了le火huǒ把bǎ,忽hū抽chōu身shēn關guān了le中zhōng門mén。往wǎng裡lǐ嚷rǎng道dào:「妖yāo怪guài來lái了le!妖yāo怪guài來lái了le!」三sān藏zàng搀chān那nà老lǎo者zhě,走zǒu上shàng厅tīng堂táng,灯dēng火huǒ全quán无wú,三sān人rén嘻xī嘻xī哈hā哈hā的de还hái笑xiào。唐táng僧sēng骂mà道dào:「这zhè泼pō物wù,十shí分fēn不bú善shàn。我wǒ朝cháo朝cháo教jiào诲huì,日rì日rì叮dīng咛níng。古gǔ人rén云yún:『不bú教jiào而ér善shàn,非fēi圣shèng而ér何hé?教jiào而ér后hòu善shàn,非fēi贤xián而ér何hé?教jiào亦yì不bú善shàn,非fēi愚yú而ér何hé?』汝rǔ等děng这zhè般bān撒sā泼pō,诚chéng为wéi至zhì下xià至zhì愚yú之zhī类lèi。走zǒu进jìn门mén不bù知zhī高gāo低dī,諕xià倒dǎo了le老lǎo施shī主zhǔ,惊jīng散sàn了le念niàn经jīng僧sēng,把bǎ人rén家jiā好hǎo事shì都dōu搅jiǎo坏huài了le,却què不bú是shì堕duò罪zuì与yǔ我wǒ?」说shuō得de他tā们men不bù敢gǎn回huí言yán。那nà老lǎo者zhě方fāng信xìn是shì他tā徒tú弟dì,急jí回huí头tóu作zuò礼lǐ道dào:「老lǎo爷yé,没méi大dà事shì,没méi大dà事shì。才cái然rán关guān了le灯dēng,散sàn了le花huā,佛fó事shì将jiāng收shōu也yě。」八bā戒jiè道dào:「既jì是shì了liǎo帐zhàng,摆bǎi出chū满mǎn散sàn,酒jiǔ饭fàn来lái,我wǒ们men吃chī了le睡shuì觉jiào。」老lǎo者zhě叫jiào:「掌zhǎng灯dēng来lái,掌zhǎng灯dēng来lái。」家jiā里lǐ人rén听tīng得dé,大dà惊jīng小xiǎo怪guài道dào:「厅tīng上shàng念niàn经jīng,有yǒu许xǔ多duō香xiāng烛zhú,如rú何hé又yòu教jiào掌zhǎng灯dēng?」几jǐ个gè僮tóng仆pú出chū来lái看kàn时shí,这zhè里lǐ黑hēi洞dòng洞dòng的de,即jí便biàn点diǎn火huǒ把bǎ灯dēng笼lóng,一yì拥yōng而ér至zhì。忽hū抬tái头tóu见jiàn八bā戒jiè、沙shā僧sēng,慌huāng得de丢diū了le火huǒ把bǎ,忽hū抽chōu身shēn关guān了le中zhōng门mén。往wǎng里lǐ嚷rǎng道dào:「妖yāo怪guài来lái了le!妖yāo怪guài来lái了le!」


逐句解 Line by line

三sān藏zàng攙chān那nà老lǎo者zhě,走zǒu上shàng廳tīng堂táng,燈dēng火huǒ全quán無wú,三sān人rén嘻xī嘻xī哈hā哈hā的de還hái笑xiào。 三sān藏zàng搀chān那nà老lǎo者zhě,走zǒu上shàng厅tīng堂táng,灯dēng火huǒ全quán无wú,三sān人rén嘻xī嘻xī哈hā哈hā的de还hái笑xiào。

Tripitaka, steadying the old man, came up into the hall, where the lamps were wholly out and the three still tittered and guffawed.

The lamps are out, the hall is empty, and the three of them are still laughing. 藏 in 三藏 is zàng; 那 points — nà; 還 is hái, "still," and it is doing a lot of work in that sentence.

唐táng僧sēng罵mà道dào:「這zhè潑pō物wù,十shí分fēn不bú善shàn。 唐táng僧sēng骂mà道dào:「这zhè泼pō物wù,十shí分fēn不bú善shàn。

The Tang Monk scolded them: "You wretches, you are wholly graceless.

潑物 is roughly "you rough things" — 潑 carries the sense of unruly, splashing about. 十分不善: ten parts out of ten not good.

我wǒ朝cháo朝cháo教jiào誨huì,日rì日rì叮dīng嚀níng。 我wǒ朝cháo朝cháo教jiào诲huì,日rì日rì叮dīng咛níng。

Morning after morning I instruct you, day after day I admonish you.

朝朝教誨,日日叮嚀 — morning after morning, day after day — is the exhausted rhythm of a teacher who has said it all before. 教 is jiào, to instruct; 叮嚀 is telling somebody something over and over in the hope it sticks.

古gǔ人rén云yún:『不bú教jiào而ér善shàn,非fēi聖shèng而ér何hé? 古gǔ人rén云yún:『不bú教jiào而ér善shàn,非fēi圣shèng而ér何hé?

The ancients said: 'Good without being taught — what is that but a sage?

Tripitaka reaches for the classics, which is what he does when he is angry. The edition puts the saying inside its own quotation brackets, marking it as words being quoted rather than narration, and it turns entirely on 教 — jiào, to teach. Good without being taught: what is that but a sage?

教jiào而ér後hòu善shàn,非fēi賢xián而ér何hé? 教jiào而ér后hòu善shàn,非fēi贤xián而ér何hé?

Good only after being taught — what is that but a worthy?

Second rung. Good once taught: what is that but a worthy man?

教jiào亦yì不bú善shàn,非fēi愚yú而ér何hé?』 教jiào亦yì不bú善shàn,非fēi愚yú而ér何hé?』

Not good even when taught — what is that but a fool?'

And the third. Not good even when taught — what is that but a fool? Sage, worthy, fool is standard Confucian sorting of human material, and Tripitaka has walked his disciples all the way down it in three breaths.

汝rǔ等děng這zhè般bān撒sā潑pō,誠chéng為wéi至zhì下xià至zhì愚yú之zhī類lèi。 汝rǔ等děng这zhè般bān撒sā泼pō,诚chéng为wéi至zhì下xià至zhì愚yú之zhī类lèi。

You lot, carrying on so unruly, are truly of the lowest and most foolish kind.

誠為至下至愚之類 takes 為 as wéi, "to be." He does not leave them to work out which rung they are on.

走zǒu進jìn門mén不bù知zhī高gāo低dī,諕xià倒dǎo了le老lǎo施shī主zhǔ,驚jīng散sàn了le念niàn經jīng僧sēng,把bǎ人rén家jiā好hǎo事shì都dōu攪jiǎo壞huài了le,卻què不bú是shì墮duò罪zuì與yǔ我wǒ?」 走zǒu进jìn门mén不bù知zhī高gāo低dī,諕xià倒dǎo了le老lǎo施shī主zhǔ,惊jīng散sàn了le念niàn经jīng僧sēng,把bǎ人rén家jiā好hǎo事shì都dōu搅jiǎo坏huài了le,却què不bú是shì堕duò罪zuì与yǔ我wǒ?」

Blundering in at the door with no sense of high or low, you frightened the old patron off his feet, scattered the chanting monks, and wrecked the good rite of this household — is that not to bring guilt down on me?"

And here is what actually stings him. 不知高低 is having no sense of what is what; 好事 is the merit-rite, a family's good work, and they have wrecked it. 墮罪與我: the blame falls on me. A master answers for his disciples' conduct, and Tripitaka is the one who will carry it. 諕 is xià and 倒 is dǎo, toppled; 散 in 驚散 is sàn; 都 is dōu.

說shuō得de他tā們men不bù敢gǎn回huí言yán。 说shuō得de他tā们men不bù敢gǎn回huí言yán。

So he spoke, till they dared make no answer.

說得他們不敢回言 takes 得 as de — spoke to the point where they dared not answer. It is the only time in the chapter anybody shuts all three of them up.

那nà老lǎo者zhě方fāng信xìn是shì他tā徒tú弟dì,急jí回huí頭tóu作zuò禮lǐ道dào:「老lǎo爺yé,沒méi大dà事shì,沒méi大dà事shì。 那nà老lǎo者zhě方fāng信xìn是shì他tā徒tú弟dì,急jí回huí头tóu作zuò礼lǐ道dào:「老lǎo爷yé,没méi大dà事shì,没méi大dà事shì。

The old man, now certain they were his disciples, turned quickly and made a bow: "Reverend, it is no great matter, no great matter.

作禮 is making a bow. The old man's instinct, watching a guest being scolded on his account, is to smooth it over — 沒大事, twice. 那 points — nà.

才cái然rán關guān了le燈dēng,散sàn了le花huā,佛fó事shì將jiāng收shōu也yě。」 才cái然rán关guān了le灯dēng,散sàn了le花huā,佛fó事shì将jiāng收shōu也yě。」

The lamps were just now put out and the flowers scattered; the Buddhist service was about to conclude in any case."

散了花 refers to the scattering of flowers that closes a Buddhist service; 散 is sàn. 佛事將收 takes 將 as jiāng, "about to." He is saying the rite was finishing anyway, which is kind and not quite true.

八bā戒jiè道dào:「既jì是shì了liǎo帳zhàng,擺bǎi出chū滿mǎn散sàn,酒jiǔ飯fàn來lái,我wǒ們men吃chī了le睡shuì覺jiào。」 八bā戒jiè道dào:「既jì是shì了liǎo帐zhàng,摆bǎi出chū满mǎn散sàn,酒jiǔ饭fàn来lái,我wǒ们men吃chī了le睡shuì觉jiào。」

Eight Rules said: "Since the business is wound up, bring out the closing spread — wine and rice — and let us eat and sleep."

Bajie has heard the words "the service is over" and drawn his own conclusion. 了帳 takes 了 as liǎo, to settle up — the accounts are closed. 滿散, 散 again sàn, is the closing feast that winds up a Buddhist rite. Then 酒飯來: wine and rice. He is a monk, asking a Buddhist household for wine, at a funeral service he has just broken up. 睡覺 takes 覺 as jiào, sleep.

老lǎo者zhě叫jiào:「掌zhǎng燈dēng來lái,掌zhǎng燈dēng來lái。」 老lǎo者zhě叫jiào:「掌zhǎng灯dēng来lái,掌zhǎng灯dēng来lái。」

The old man called: "Bring lamps, bring lamps!"

掌燈 is holding up or bringing a lamp, doubled because he is calling across the house.

家jiā裡lǐ人rén聽tīng得dé,大dà驚jīng小xiǎo怪guài道dào:「廳tīng上shàng念niàn經jīng,有yǒu許xǔ多duō香xiāng燭zhú,如rú何hé又yòu教jiào掌zhǎng燈dēng?」 家jiā里lǐ人rén听tīng得dé,大dà惊jīng小xiǎo怪guài道dào:「厅tīng上shàng念niàn经jīng,有yǒu许xǔ多duō香xiāng烛zhú,如rú何hé又yòu教jiào掌zhǎng灯dēng?」

The household folk, hearing it, made a great to-do: "They were chanting in the hall with candles and incense enough — why call now for lamps?"

大驚小怪 — "great alarm, small wonder" — is still the ordinary Chinese for making a fuss over nothing, and here the household is using it about their own master. They have candles burning in the hall; why is he shouting for lamps? Nobody has told them the lamps were blown out. 聽得 takes 得 as dé; 教 is jiào.

幾jǐ個gè僮tóng僕pú出chū來lái看kàn時shí,這zhè裡lǐ黑hēi洞dòng洞dòng的de,即jí便biàn點diǎn火huǒ把bǎ燈dēng籠lóng,一yì擁yōng而ér至zhì。 几jǐ个gè僮tóng仆pú出chū来lái看kàn时shí,这zhè里lǐ黑hēi洞dòng洞dòng的de,即jí便biàn点diǎn火huǒ把bǎ灯dēng笼lóng,一yì拥yōng而ér至zhì。

When several serving-lads came out to look, all here was pitch-black; so they lit torches and lanterns and came thronging in.

黑洞洞的 is pitch-black, the doubled 洞 deepening it — cave-dark. So they light torches and lanterns and all crowd in together, which is the worst possible way to walk into this particular room.

忽hū擡tái頭tóu見jiàn八bā戒jiè、沙shā僧sēng,慌huāng得de丟diū了le火huǒ把bǎ,忽hū抽chōu身shēn關guān了le中zhōng門mén。 忽hū抬tái头tóu见jiàn八bā戒jiè、沙shā僧sēng,慌huāng得de丢diū了le火huǒ把bǎ,忽hū抽chōu身shēn关guān了le中zhōng门mén。

Raising their heads of a sudden, they saw Eight Rules and Sha Monk, and in their fright dropped the torches and, wheeling round, slammed the middle gate.

慌得 takes 得 as de, flustered to the point of dropping everything; 中 in 中門 is zhōng. They drop the torches — leaving themselves in the dark again — and slam the inner gate.

往wǎng裡lǐ嚷rǎng道dào:「妖yāo怪guài來lái了le! 往wǎng里lǐ嚷rǎng道dào:「妖yāo怪guài来lái了le!

Shouting toward the back: "The monsters have come!

往裡嚷: bawling toward the back of the house.

妖yāo怪guài來lái了le!」 妖yāo怪guài来lái了le!」

The monsters have come!"

And the cry doubles a second time. The servants have arrived at exactly the conclusion their master reached earlier the same evening, by exactly the same route.


總評 Commentary

Between two bursts of farce the book puts a moment of real gravity. Tripitaka is ashamed — a stranger's merit-service has been wrecked on his account — and he does what he always does when he is angry, which is reach for the classics. The saying he quotes sorts people into three: good without being taught, good once taught, and not good even when taught. Sage, worthy, fool. He walks his disciples down all three rungs and leaves them at the bottom, and the classical tag gives the scene a Confucian colouring, the master as moral tutor rather than helpless passenger.

What actually stings is in the last line of the scolding: 卻不是墮罪與我 — does the blame not fall on me? A master answers for his disciples, and Tripitaka is the one who will carry the guilt for a rite broken up and an old man frightened off his feet. For once it works: 說得他們不敢回言, he spoke until they dared not answer. But the comedy will not stay down. The host has barely finished excusing them when the servants, sent for lamps, come thronging in with torches, catch sight of Bajie and Sha Monk, drop everything and bolt for the inner gate shouting that the monsters have come — the same cry as before, one floor down the household, and the uproar carries straight on into the entrance of the second old man.