Canonical Classics ← 第四十七回
第四十七回
shèngsēngtōngtiānshuǐ
jīnchuíjiùxiǎotóng

The Holy Monk Is Barred at Night by the Water That Reaches the Sky · Metal and Wood, Extending Mercy, Rescue the Little Children

齋筵飽噇
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

齋筵飽噇 The Glutton at the Feast

shànglǎozhěwèndejiǎnghuàzhòngrénfāngcáiquèjiāngshàngmiànpáilezhāngzhuōqǐngtángsēngshàngzuòliǎngbiānbǎilesānzhāngzhuōqǐngsānwèizuòqiánmiànzhāngzhuōzuòleèrwèilǎozhěxiānpáishàngguǒpǐncàishūránhòushìmiànfànfànxiánshífěntāngpáidezhěngzhěngtángzhǎnglǎozhùláixiānniànjuànzhāijīng》。dāiziyǒuxiētūnèrláiyǒuxiēèleděngtángsēngjīngwánguòhóngwǎnláiwǎnbáifàndediūxiàkǒujiùliǎolepángbiānxiǎodedào:「zhèwèilǎoméisuànlóngmántóuzěndefànlónglequèle?」jièxiàodào:「cénglóngchīle。」xiǎodedào:「céngkǒuzěnmejiùchīle?」jièdào:「érzimen便biànshuōhuǎngfēnmíngchīlexìnzàichīkàn。」xiǎodemenyòuduānlewǎnshèngwǎnjièdāizihuǎnghuǎngyòudiūxiàkǒujiùliǎolezhòngtóngjiànledào:「yeyashìzhuāndehóulóngzhuóshíyòuguāngyòuliū。」tángsēngjuànjīngháiwèiwánliùwǎnguòshǒuleránhòuquècáitóngzhùchīzhāidāizilùnfànmiànfànguǒpǐnxiánshízhǐqínglāoluànchuángkǒuháirǎng:「tiānfàntiānfàn。」jiànjiànjiànláilexíngzhějiàodào:「xiánshǎochīxiēbaqiángzàishānāorěnèjiāngjiùgòudebànbǎohǎole。」jièdào:「zuǐliǎnchángyándào:『zhāisēngbǎohuómáili。」xíngzhějiào:「shōulejiāhuǒcǎi。」èrlǎozhěgōngshēndào:「mánlǎoshuōbáidàozhèzizhǎnglǎozhāidebǎishízhòngzhǐshìwǎnleshōulecánzhāizhǐzhēngdànmiànfàndǒufànzhuōshíyàoqǐngqīnlínzhòngsēngmensànlièwèiláixiàdezhòngsēngpǎoleliánqīnlíncénggǎnqǐngjìnshùdōugòngfènglelièwèibǎozàijiàozhēng。」jièdào:「zàizhēngzàizhēng。」shànglǎozhěwèndejiǎnghuàzhòngrénfāngcáiquèjiāngshàngmiànpáilezhāngzhuōqǐngtángsēngshàngzuòliǎngbiānbǎilesānzhāngzhuōqǐngsānwèizuòqiánmiànzhāngzhuōzuòleèrwèilǎozhěxiānpáishàngguǒpǐncàishūránhòushìmiànfànfànxiánshífěntāngpáidezhěngzhěngtángzhǎnglǎozhùláixiānniànjuànzhāijīng》。dāiziyǒuxiētūnèrláiyǒuxiē饿èleděngtángsēngjīngwánguòhóngwǎnláiwǎnbáifàndediūxiàkǒujiùliǎolepángbiānxiǎodedào:「zhèwèilǎoméisuànlóngmántóuzěndefànlónglequèle?」jièxiàodào:「cénglóngchīle。」xiǎodedào:「céngkǒuzěnmejiùchīle?」jièdào:「érzimen便biànshuōhuǎngfēnmíngchīlexìnzàichīkàn。」xiǎodemenyòuduānlewǎnshèngwǎnjièdāizihuǎnghuǎngyòudiūxiàkǒujiùliǎolezhòngtóngjiànledào:「yeyashìzhuāndehóulóngzhuóshíyòuguāngyòuliū。」tángsēngjuànjīngháiwèiwánliùwǎnguòshǒuleránhòuquècáitóngzhùchīzhāidāizilùnfànmiànfànguǒpǐnxiánshízhǐqínglāoluànchuángkǒuháirǎng:「tiānfàntiānfàn。」jiànjiànjiànláilexíngzhějiàodào:「xiánshǎochīxiēbaqiángzàishānāorěn饿èjiāngjiùgòudebànbǎohǎole。」jièdào:「zuǐliǎnchángyándào:『zhāisēngbǎohuómáili。」xíngzhějiào:「shōulejiāhuǒcǎi。」èrlǎozhěgōngshēndào:「mánlǎoshuōbáidàozhèzizhǎnglǎozhāidebǎishízhòngzhǐshìwǎnleshōulecánzhāizhǐzhēngdànmiànfàndǒufànzhuōshíyàoqǐngqīnlínzhòngsēngmensànlièwèiláixiàdezhòngsēngpǎoleliánqīnlíncénggǎnqǐngjìnshùdōugòngfènglelièwèibǎozàijiàozhēng。」jièdào:「zàizhēngzàizhēng。」


逐句解 Line by line

shànglǎozhěwèndejiǎnghuàzhòngrénfāngcái shànglǎozhěwèndejiǎnghuàzhòngrénfāngcái

As the monk and the old men talked back and forth, question and answer, the household folk at last left off their fear.

一問一答 — one asks, one answers — is the sound of a room calming down. Watching two old men chat politely with a monk, the household finally stops being frightened. points — .

quèjiāngshàngmiànpáilezhāngzhuōqǐngtángsēngshàngzuò quèjiāngshàngmiànpáilezhāngzhuōqǐngtángsēngshàngzuò

At the head they set out a table and invited the Tang Monk to the seat of honor;

is jiāng, the helper word swinging the object forward. 上坐 is the seat at the head, and the seating plan that follows is a small diagram of rank: master above, disciples down the sides, hosts in front.

liǎngbiānbǎilesānzhāngzhuōqǐngsānwèizuò liǎngbiānbǎilesānzhāngzhuōqǐngsānwèizuò

on either side they laid three tables and seated his three companions;

Three tables for three disciples, one each. Somebody has thought about elbow room.

qiánmiànzhāngzhuōzuòleèrwèilǎozhě qiánmiànzhāngzhuōzuòleèrwèilǎozhě

and at a table in front sat the two old men.

And the two brothers at the front, facing their guests.

xiānpáishàngguǒpǐncàishūránhòushìmiànfànfànxiánshífěntāngpáidezhěngzhěng xiānpáishàngguǒpǐncàishūránhòushìmiànfànfànxiánshífěntāngpáidezhěngzhěng

First they brought out vegetarian fruits and greens, then noodles and rice, side-dishes and bean-flour broth, all set out neat and trim.

The menu, in the order it arrives: fruit and greens first, then 麵飯 noodles and 米飯 rice, 閑食 the odds and ends between courses, and 粉湯, a broth with bean-flour noodles in it. 排得齊齊整整 takes as de, the link to how it turned out — laid out neat and square.

tángzhǎnglǎozhùláixiānniànjuànzhāijīng》。 tángzhǎnglǎozhùláixiānniànjuànzhāijīng》。

The Tang elder took up his chopsticks and first recited a scroll of the Grace-Before-Meat Sutra.

is the older word for chopsticks. The 啟齋經 is the short scripture said to open a meal — grace before meat, and mercifully brief in most houses. in 唐長老 is zhǎng. Not brief enough, as it turns out.

dāiziyǒuxiētūnèrláiyǒuxiēèleděngtángsēngjīngwánguòhóngwǎnláiwǎnbáifàndediūxiàkǒujiùliǎole dāiziyǒuxiētūnèrláiyǒuxiē饿èleděngtángsēngjīngwánguòhóngwǎnláiwǎnbáifàndediūxiàkǒujiùliǎole

The blockhead — for one thing given to bolting his food, for another half-starved — was in no mood to wait for Tripitaka to finish; he seized a red-lacquered wooden bowl, tipped a whole bowl of white rice down his gullet with a plop, and it was gone.

Two reasons are offered and neither is an excuse: 急吞, a bolter by temperament, and 餓了, hungry as well. 那裡等 is asking, not pointing — — and it is the narrator being sarcastic: as if he would wait. Then a bowl of white rice goes down 撲的, with a plop, and 就了了 read liǎo, finished, followed by read le, the little marker saying it has happened. One character, twice, two readings, and the rice is gone. 那獃子 points — .

pángbiānxiǎodedào:「zhèwèilǎoméisuànlóngmántóuzěndefànlónglequèle?」 pángbiānxiǎodedào:「zhèwèilǎoméisuànlóngmántóuzěndefànlónglequèle?」

A young servant at his side said: "This reverend has no notion of thrift — instead of stowing away the steamed buns, he stows away the rice; won't he soil his robe?"

Here is the joke, and it needs one fact: a Ming gown had wide sleeves, and people carried things in them. is to stow something away up your sleeve. The servant has not seen the rice eaten, only vanish, so he assumes it has been pocketed — and reproaches the reverend gentleman for pocketing loose rice rather than buns, which will make a mess of his robe. 傍邊 takes as páng.

jièxiàodào:「cénglóngchīle。」 jièxiàodào:「cénglóngchīle。」

Eight Rules laughed: "I stowed nothing away — I ate it."

不曾籠: I didn't pocket it. Bajie is enjoying himself.

xiǎodedào:「céngkǒuzěnmejiùchīle?」 xiǎodedào:「céngkǒuzěnmejiùchīle?」

The servant said: "You never raised it to your lips — how could you have eaten it?"

不曾舉口 — never raised it to your mouth. The boy is not being rude; he genuinely did not see a mouth open.

jièdào:「érzimen便biànshuōhuǎngfēnmíngchīle jièdào:「érzimen便biànshuōhuǎngfēnmíngchīle

Eight Rules said: "Sonny-boys, don't tell tales — I plainly ate it;

兒子們 is Bajie calling the servants "sonny," a cheerful insult he uses whenever he is winning. The is ér, the character in its own right meaning child, not the little -r ending. 分明: plain as day.

xìnzàichīkàn。」 xìnzàichīkàn。」

if you doubt it, I'll eat another for you to watch."

再吃與你看: I'll eat another one for you to watch. The demonstration is offered as proof, and works out well for everyone except the kitchen.

xiǎodemenyòuduānlewǎnshèngwǎnjiè xiǎodemenyòuduānlewǎnshèngwǎnjiè

The young servants brought another bowl, filled it, and handed it to Eight Rules.

They bring the bowl. Of course they do. points — .

dāizihuǎnghuǎngyòudiūxiàkǒujiùliǎole dāizihuǎnghuǎngyòudiūxiàkǒujiùliǎole

The blockhead gave it a flick, tipped it down his gullet, and again it was gone.

幌一幌 is a quick flick of the wrist, and then 就了了 again — the same liǎo-then-le pair, and the same result. The repetition is the comedy: the second bowl goes exactly like the first, and nobody sees it happen this time either.

zhòngtóngjiànledào:「yeya zhòngtóngjiànledào:「yeya

The serving-boys, seeing it, exclaimed: "Good heavens!

爺爺呀 is the shout of somebody who has just watched a physical law fail — near enough "good grief."

shìzhuāndehóulóngzhuóshíyòuguāngyòuliū。」 shìzhuāndehóulóngzhuóshíyòuguāngyòuliū。」

Your throat must be laid of polished brick — truly smooth and slick."

The best line in the passage, and the servants get it: 磨磚砌的喉嚨, a throat laid up out of polished brick, 又光又溜 — smooth and slick. The image is a builder's. They are describing his gullet as masonry. 著實 takes as zhuó, "truly."

tángsēngjuànjīngháiwèiwánliùwǎnguòshǒule tángsēngjuànjīngháiwèiwánliùwǎnguòshǒule

Tripitaka's one scroll of sutra was not yet done, and already he had put away five or six bowls.

The measurement that makes the scene: one scroll of scripture against five or six bowls of rice. points — ; 還未完 takes as hái, "not yet."

ránhòuquècáitóngzhùchīzhāi ránhòuquècáitóngzhùchīzhāi

Only then did they take up their chopsticks together and eat the meal as one.

然後卻才 — only then, and not before — is the narrator dwelling on it. 同舉箸: chopsticks up together, as though the meal were only now starting.

dāizilùnfànmiànfànguǒpǐnxiánshízhǐqínglāoluànchuángkǒuháirǎng:「tiānfàntiānfàn。」 dāizilùnfànmiànfànguǒpǐnxiánshízhǐqínglāoluànchuángkǒuháirǎng:「tiānfàntiānfàn。」

The blockhead, rice or noodles, fruit or side-dish, all alike, just scooped and gorged without measure, still bawling: "More rice, more rice!"

只情一撈 is scooping away with no thought for anything else; is chuáng, a coarse word for stuffing food in. Rice, noodles, fruit, side dishes, all one to him — and he is shouting for more with his mouth full. is hái.

jiànjiànjiànláile jiànjiànjiànláile

Little by little the food stopped coming.

漸漸不見來了: little by little, nothing more came. A quiet sentence doing a great deal of work. They have run out of food.

xíngzhějiàodào:「xiánshǎochīxiēbaqiángzàishānāorěnèjiāngjiùgòudebànbǎohǎole。」 xíngzhějiàodào:「xiánshǎochīxiēbaqiángzàishānāorěn饿èjiāngjiùgòudebànbǎohǎole。」

Pilgrim called out: "Worthy brother, eat a little less — even this is far better than starving in the mountain-hollow; make do, and if you reach half-full, that will serve."

強似 takes as qiáng, better than. Wukong's appeal is to memory, not manners: this beats going hungry in a mountain hollow, so settle for half full. 將就 takes as jiāng; 夠得半飽 takes as de; is ba, softening the request.

jièdào:「zuǐliǎn jièdào:「zuǐliǎn

Eight Rules said: "The cheek of it!

嘴臉 thrown back as a retort — near enough "the cheek of it."

chángyándào:『zhāisēngbǎohuómáili。」 chángyándào:『zhāisēngbǎohuómáili。」

As the saying goes: 'To feast a monk and leave him unfilled is worse than burying him alive.'"

And he has a proverb ready: 齋僧不飽不如活埋 — to feast a monk and leave him short is worse than burying him alive. The edition marks it as a quotation, and the sentence ends on , li, the light word that lets a speaker rest his case. Bajie has produced a saying that makes his own greed a point of religious principle.

xíngzhějiào:「shōulejiāhuǒcǎi。」 xíngzhějiào:「shōulejiāhuǒcǎi。」

Pilgrim ordered: "Clear away the things and pay him no mind."

家火 is the kitchen gear, pots and dishes together. 莫睬他: take no notice. is jiào.

èrlǎozhěgōngshēndào:「mánlǎoshuōbáidàozhèzizhǎnglǎozhāidebǎishízhòng èrlǎozhěgōngshēndào:「mánlǎoshuōbáidàozhèzizhǎnglǎozhāidebǎishízhòng

The two old men bowed and said: "To be honest with you, reverend, by daylight we should not be afraid — even a big-bellied elder like this we could feast, a hundred or more of him.

The hosts are mortified, and their apology is the sweetest thing in the scene: by daylight we could have fed a hundred of him. is dào, the "on the contrary" reading; in 長老 is zhǎng; 齋得起 takes as de — could afford to feed.

zhǐshìwǎnleshōulecánzhāizhǐzhēngdànmiànfàndǒufànzhuōshíyàoqǐngqīnlínzhòngsēngmensàn zhǐshìwǎnleshōulecánzhāizhǐzhēngdànmiànfàndǒufànzhuōshíyàoqǐngqīnlínzhòngsēngmensàn

But it is late, and the leftover feast is cleared; we have steamed only one dàn of flour-rice, five dǒu of rice, and a few tables of vegetarian fare, meaning to invite some kin and neighbors and the monks to share the blessing-food.

The larder, counted out — and is not a stone here. Read shí it is rock, the cobble Bajie dropped in the river earlier in the chapter and the slab of the stele; read dàn, as here, it is the largest of the old dry measures for grain, and that is the reading the ruby gives it at this one site out of six in the chapter. So: one dàn of noodle-flour food and five dǒu of rice. and are two rungs of the same ladder, ten to the and ten to the — the same the old man counted out at the gate. A Ming held about ten litres, which makes this a great deal of food, and Bajie has eaten most of it. 散福 is sharing out the blessed leftovers of a rite among neighbours, which is what the whole spread was for. 只蒸得 takes as ; and because dàn falls, the in front of it shifts to .

lièwèiláixiàdezhòngsēngpǎoleliánqīnlíncénggǎnqǐngjìnshùdōugòngfènglelièwèi lièwèiláixiàdezhòngsēngpǎoleliánqīnlíncénggǎnqǐngjìnshùdōugòngfènglelièwèi

We did not look for you gentlemen to come; the monks were frightened off, and we dared not even invite the kin and neighbors, so the whole of it has been served up to you.

And the guests have eaten the neighbours' share. 不期 is "we never expected"; 盡數都 takes as shù and as dōu — the whole lot, served up to you. 諕得 takes as xià and as de.

bǎozàijiàozhēng。」 bǎozàijiàozhēng。」

If you are still not filled, we shall have more steamed."

再教蒸去: we'll have more steamed. is jiào. It is offered out of pure courtesy.

jièdào:「zàizhēngzàizhēng。」 jièdào:「zàizhēngzàizhēng。」

Eight Rules said: "Steam more, steam more!"

And taken at once, twice over, with no courtesy at all.


總評 Commentary

The comic centre of the chapter is Bajie at dinner, and the book gives it room. He cannot sit through grace; he tips a full bowl of white rice down his throat 撲的, with a plop, before Tripitaka has finished the first scroll. A servant, who saw the rice go but never saw a mouth open, assumes it has gone up his sleeve — Ming gowns were pockets — and scolds him for stowing loose rice instead of buns. So Bajie eats a second bowl as evidence, which settles nothing and delights everybody, and the serving-boys deliver the verdict the scene is remembered for: his throat must be laid up out of polished brick, 又光又溜, smooth and slick. By the time the scripture ends he has put away five or six bowls, and only then do the others pick up their chopsticks.

Underneath the farce the passage keeps its proportions human. The two old men apologise, and the apology is a small inventory of an ordinary household: it is late, the feast has been picked over, and all that is left steamed is one dàn of noodle-flour food and five dǒu of rice, meant for kin and neighbours who were to come and share the blessing-food of the rite. Nobody came, because the guests frightened the monks off, so the whole of it has gone to four strangers. That last detail — 連親鄰也不曾敢請, we dared not even invite the neighbours — is the first cold draught in the chapter. The hosts are generous, apologetic, and afraid, and only the third of those has been explained.