Canonical Classics ← 第二十六回
第二十六回
孫sūn悟wù空kōng三sān島dǎo求qiú方fāng
觀guān世shì音yīn甘gān泉quán活huó樹shù

Sun Wukong Seeks a Cure Among the Three Isles · Guanyin's Sweet Spring Revives the Tree

瀛洲九老
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition 含詞賦 With rhapsody

瀛洲九老 The Nine Elders of Yingzhou

那nà大dà聖shèng至zhì瀛yíng洲zhōu,只zhǐ見jiàn那nà丹dān崖yá珠zhū樹shù之zhī下xià,有yǒu幾jǐ個gè皓hào髮fà皤pó髯rán之zhī輩bèi,童tóng顏yán鶴hè鬢bìn之zhī仙xiān,在zài那nà裡lǐ著zhuó棋qí飲yǐn酒jiǔ,談tán笑xiào謳ōu歌gē。真zhēn個gè是shì:那nà大dà圣shèng至zhì瀛yíng洲zhōu,只zhǐ见jiàn那nà丹dān崖yá珠zhū树shù之zhī下xià,有yǒu几jǐ个gè皓hào发fà皤pó髯rán之zhī辈bèi,童tóng颜yán鹤hè鬓bìn之zhī仙xiān,在zài那nà里lǐ着zhuó棋qí饮yǐn酒jiǔ,谈tán笑xiào讴ōu歌gē。真zhēn个gè是shì:

祥xiáng雲yún光guāng滿mǎn,瑞ruì靄ǎi香xiāng浮fú。祥xiáng云yún光guāng满mǎn,瑞ruì霭ǎi香xiāng浮fú。
彩cǎi鸞luán鳴míng洞dòng口kǒu,玄xuán鶴hè舞wǔ山shān頭tóu。彩cǎi鸾luán鸣míng洞dòng口kǒu,玄xuán鹤hè舞wǔ山shān头tóu。
碧bì藕ǒu水shuǐ桃táo為wèi按àn酒jiǔ,交jiāo梨lí火huǒ棗zǎo壽shòu千qiān秋qiū。碧bì藕ǒu水shuǐ桃táo为wèi按àn酒jiǔ,交jiāo梨lí火huǒ枣zǎo寿shòu千qiān秋qiū。
一yí個gè個gè丹dān詔zhào無wú聞wén,仙xiān符fú有yǒu籍jí。一yí个gè个gè丹dān诏zhào无wú闻wén,仙xiān符fú有yǒu籍jí。
逍xiāo遙yáo隨suí浪làng蕩dàng,散sǎn淡dàn任rèn清qīng幽yōu。逍xiāo遥yáo随suí浪làng荡dàng,散sǎn淡dàn任rèn清qīng幽yōu。
周zhōu天tiān甲jiǎ子zǐ難nán拘jū管guǎn,大dà地dì乾qián坤kūn只zhǐ自zì由yóu。周zhōu天tiān甲jiǎ子zǐ难nán拘jū管guǎn,大dà地dì干qián坤kūn只zhǐ自zì由yóu。
獻xiàn果guǒ玄xuán猿yuán,對duì對duì參cān隨suí多duō美měi愛ài;献xiàn果guǒ玄xuán猿yuán,对duì对duì参cān随suí多duō美měi爱ài;
啣xián花huā白bái鹿lù,雙shuāng雙shuāng拱gǒng伏fú甚shèn綢chóu繆móu。啣xián花huā白bái鹿lù,双shuāng双shuāng拱gǒng伏fú甚shèn绸chóu缪móu。

逐句解 Line by line

那nà大dà聖shèng至zhì瀛yíng洲zhōu,只zhǐ見jiàn那nà丹dān崖yá珠zhū樹shù之zhī下xià,有yǒu幾jǐ個gè皓hào髮fà皤pó髯rán之zhī輩bèi,童tóng顏yán鶴hè鬢bìn之zhī仙xiān,在zài那nà裡lǐ著zhuó棋qí飲yǐn酒jiǔ,談tán笑xiào謳ōu歌gē。 那nà大dà圣shèng至zhì瀛yíng洲zhōu,只zhǐ见jiàn那nà丹dān崖yá珠zhū树shù之zhī下xià,有yǒu几jǐ个gè皓hào发fà皤pó髯rán之zhī辈bèi,童tóng颜yán鹤hè鬓bìn之zhī仙xiān,在zài那nà里lǐ着zhuó棋qí饮yǐn酒jiǔ,谈tán笑xiào讴ōu歌gē。

The Great Sage reached Yingzhou, and there beneath the cinnabar cliffs and pearl-trees he saw several white-haired, hoary-bearded figures — immortals with children's faces and cranelike temples — playing go, drinking wine, and laughing over their songs.

Nine old men under the cliffs, playing go and drinking and singing -- a picture of leisure so complete it is almost a rebuke to the man arriving with a deadline. 丹崖珠樹 is cinnabar cliffs and pearl-trees. 皓髮皤髯, white hair and hoary beard, and 童顏鶴鬢, a child's face with crane-white temples, are the set descriptions of the immortal who is ancient and young at once. 著棋 is to play go, 著 = zhuó, to place a stone.

真zhēn個gè是shì: 真zhēn个gè是shì:

Truly it was a scene like this:

真個是, truly it was, is the reciter's cue into a set-piece.

祥xiáng雲yún光guāng滿mǎn,瑞ruì靄ǎi香xiāng浮fú。 祥xiáng云yún光guāng满mǎn,瑞ruì霭ǎi香xiāng浮fú。

Auspicious clouds brimming with light, propitious haze afloat with fragrance.

What follows is not a poem in the usual sense but a rhapsody (賦) -- a long, unrhymed showpiece built out of matched pairs of lines, freer in shape than the eight-line poems used for Penglai and Fangzhang and considerably more ornate. It opens with two four-character phrases: 祥雲, auspicious cloud, and 瑞靄, propitious mist, the standard weather of an immortal realm.

彩cǎi鸞luán鳴míng洞dòng口kǒu,玄xuán鶴hè舞wǔ山shān頭tóu。 彩cǎi鸾luán鸣míng洞dòng口kǒu,玄xuán鹤hè舞wǔ山shān头tóu。

Bright luan-birds cry at the cavern mouth; dark cranes dance upon the mountain crest.

彩鸞, the many-hued luán, and 玄鶴, the dark crane, are the immortals' companion birds, posted here at cave-mouth and mountain-top to frame the scene.

碧bì藕ǒu水shuǐ桃táo為wèi按àn酒jiǔ,交jiāo梨lí火huǒ棗zǎo壽shòu千qiān秋qiū。 碧bì藕ǒu水shuǐ桃táo为wèi按àn酒jiǔ,交jiāo梨lí火huǒ枣zǎo寿shòu千qiān秋qiū。

Green lotus-root and water-peaches serve as their wine-relish; interlacing pears and fiery jujubes grant a thousand autumns of life.

按酒 is food eaten with wine -- the immortal equivalent of bar snacks, except that the snacks are green lotus-root and water-peaches. In 為按酒, to serve as wine-relish, 為 takes its purposive reading wèi (the 廣韻 spells it 于偽切), meaning to serve for, rather than the copula wéi. 交梨火棗, crossed pears and fire-jujubes, are legendary Daoist fruits of immortality.

一yí個gè個gè丹dān詔zhào無wú聞wén,仙xiān符fú有yǒu籍jí。 一yí个gè个gè丹dān诏zhào无wú闻wén,仙xiān符fú有yǒu籍jí。

Not one of them has heard a summons in cinnabar; yet each is enrolled by immortal talisman.

丹詔 is a vermilion decree, the summons that arrives from a court and cannot be refused. These elders have never had one -- and yet 仙符有籍, they stand registered by immortal talisman. They answer to no earthly office but are on the celestial roll all the same.

逍xiāo遙yáo隨suí浪làng蕩dàng,散sǎn淡dàn任rèn清qīng幽yōu。 逍xiāo遥yáo随suí浪làng荡dàng,散sǎn淡dàn任rèn清qīng幽yōu。

At ease, they drift as the waves may carry them; free and unbound, they yield to the pure and secluded.

逍遙, carefree wandering, is the great ideal of the 莊子, whose opening chapter takes its title from the word. 散淡 is loose and placid, untrammelled, 散 read sǎn. These two lines are the theme of the whole rhapsody.

周zhōu天tiān甲jiǎ子zǐ難nán拘jū管guǎn,大dà地dì乾qián坤kūn只zhǐ自zì由yóu。 周zhōu天tiān甲jiǎ子zǐ难nán拘jū管guǎn,大dà地dì干qián坤kūn只zhǐ自zì由yóu。

The circling sixty-year cycles can lay no hold on them; in all the earth, in heaven and earth, they are only free.

周天甲子 is the sixty-year cycle circling the heavens, 子 the cyclical zǐ -- time itself, in its Chinese accounting. 乾坤 is heaven and earth, 乾 = qián. Neither time nor space can lay a hand on them, which is precisely what Wukong cannot say of himself just now.

獻xiàn果guǒ玄xuán猿yuán,對duì對duì參cān隨suí多duō美měi愛ài; 献xiàn果guǒ玄xuán猿yuán,对duì对duì参cān随suí多duō美měi爱ài;

Dark gibbons offering fruit attend them, pair by pair, in fond devotion;

玄猿 are dark gibbons; 參隨 is to attend in train, 參 = cān, to wait upon. Even the animals of the isle serve willingly -- and there is a quiet joke in it, since the ape arriving at the gate is nobody's attendant.

啣xián花huā白bái鹿lù,雙shuāng雙shuāng拱gǒng伏fú甚shèn綢chóu繆móu。 啣xián花huā白bái鹿lù,双shuāng双shuāng拱gǒng伏fú甚shèn绸chóu缪móu。

White deer with flowers in their mouths bow down before them, two by two, in close and tender fellowship.

啣花白鹿 are white deer with flowers held in their mouths, 啣 a way of writing 銜. 綢繆 is closely bound, tender, intimate, with 甚 = shèn, very. A paradise so much at peace that the deer bow.


總評 Commentary

The last of the three isles is introduced, like the others, with a set-piece of description, but this one takes a different form: a rhapsody built from paired four-character phrases, richer and more ornate than the poems used for Penglai and Fangzhang. Its subject is the Nine Elders of Yingzhou, glimpsed at their timeless leisure -- playing go, drinking, singing, waited on by devoted gibbons and deer.

Its theme is perfect freedom. The elders answer to no vermilion decree; neither the circling cycles of time nor the whole expanse of heaven and earth can constrain them; they drift wherever the waves take them. This is the Daoist ideal of carefree wandering made concrete -- and it stands in pointed contrast to Wukong, who arrives among these unbound immortals harried by a three-day limit and the threat of a headache-spell.