Canonical Classics ← 第十九回
第十九回
yúnzhàndòngkōngshōujiè
shānxuánzàngshòuxīnjīng

At the Cloud-Ladder Cave Wukong Takes In Bajie · On Pagoda Mountain Xuanzang Receives the Heart Sutra

高老求絕根 行者論女婿
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拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

高老求絕根 行者論女婿 Squire Gao Demands a Clean Riddance; The Pilgrim Argues for the Son-in-Law

shuōlǎogāoshàngqiánguìxiàdào:「zhǎnglǎoméinàisuīgǎnleděnghòuláiquèzěnchǔsuǒxìnglèizhùchúlegēncáihòuhuànlǎogǎndàimànyǒuzhòngxièjiāngzhèjiācáitiánpíngzhòngqīnyǒuxiěwénshūzhǎnglǎopíngfēnzhǐshìyàojiǎncǎochúgēnjiàohuàilegāoménqīng。」xíngzhěxiàodào:「zhèlǎoerzhīfēnxiànguàicéngduìshuōsuīshìshíchángchīlejiāxiēcháfàngànleduōhǎoshìzhèniánzhèngleduōjiājiēshìzhīliàngcéngbáichīledōng西wènzěndeshuōshìtiānshénxiàjièjiāzuòhuóyòuwèicénghàilejiāérxiǎngzhèděng婿méndāngduìzěnmehuàilejiāshēnglexíngzhǐdàngzhēndeliú。」lǎogāodào:「zhǎnglǎosuīshìshāngfēnghuàdànmíngshēngshènhǎotīngdòngdòngzhuórénjiùshuō:『gāojiāzhāoleyāoguài婿。』zhèhuàerjiàorénzěndāng?」sānzàngdào:「kōngshìzuòlechángzuòjiécáijiànshǐzhōng。」xíngzhědào:「cáishìshìshuǎzidìngláimenkànqiěyōuchóu。」jiào:「lǎogāoháihǎoshēngguǎndàishī。」shuōlǎogāoshàngqiánguìxiàdào:「zhǎnglǎoméinàisuīgǎnleděnghòuláiquèzěnchǔsuǒxìnglèizhùchúlegēncáihòuhuànlǎogǎndàimànyǒuzhòngxièjiāngzhèjiācáitiánpíngzhòngqīnyǒuxiěwénshūzhǎnglǎopíngfēnzhǐshìyàojiǎncǎochúgēnjiàohuàilegāoménqīng。」xíngzhěxiàodào:「zhèlǎoerzhīfēnxiànguàicéngduìshuōsuīshìshíchángchīlejiāxiēcháfàngànleduōhǎoshìzhèniánzhèngleduōjiājiēshìzhīliàngcéngbáichīledōng西wènzěndeshuōshìtiānshénxiàjièjiāzuòhuóyòuwèicénghàilejiāérxiǎngzhèděng婿méndāngduìzěnmehuàilejiāshēnglexíngzhǐdàngzhēndeliú。」lǎogāodào:「zhǎnglǎosuīshìshāngfēnghuàdànmíngshēngshènhǎotīngdòngdòngzhuórénjiùshuō:『gāojiāzhāoleyāoguài婿。』zhèhuàerjiàorénzěndāng?」sānzàngdào:「kōngshìzuòlechángzuòjiécáijiànshǐzhōng。」xíngzhědào:「cáishìshìshuǎzidìngláimenkànqiěyōuchóu。」jiào:「lǎogāoháihǎoshēngguǎndàishī。」


逐句解 Line by line

shuōlǎogāoshàngqiánguìxiàdào:「zhǎnglǎoméinài shuōlǎogāoshàngqiánguìxiàdào:「zhǎnglǎoméinài

When he had finished, old Gao came forward and knelt down. "Elder, there is no help for it.

沒及奈何, "there is nothing to be done": the phrase every petitioner in this novel opens with, and it is always followed by a request. 長老, Elder, takes as zhǎng.

suīgǎnleděnghòuláiquèzěnchǔ suīgǎnleděnghòuláiquèzěnchǔ

You may have driven him off, but he will come back once you are gone, and what is to be done then?

趕得去 is the can-do construction, read : able to drive him off. Old Gao's worry is the sensible one — a monster driven away is a monster who knows the way back. 卻怎區處: 區處 is to dispose of a matter, with read chǔ.

suǒxìnglèizhùchúlegēncáihòuhuàn suǒxìnglèizhùchúlegēncáihòuhuàn

Trouble yourself, I beg, to take him for me and pull him up by the root, and then there will be no aftermath.

索性 is "go the whole way while you are at it." 除了根, dig out the root, sets up the 剪草除根 three lines later. Squire Gao has exactly one metaphor and he gets two uses out of it.

lǎogǎndàimànyǒuzhòngxiè lǎogǎndàimànyǒuzhòngxiè

This old man will not be slow to thank you; I shall reward you handsomely.

Note that the offer of payment arrives before the amount. That is not an accident of style; it is how the man bargains. 重謝 takes as zhòng, heavy.

jiāngzhèjiācáitiánpíngzhòngqīnyǒuxiěwénshūzhǎnglǎopíngfēn jiāngzhèjiācáitiánpíngzhòngqīnyǒuxiěwénshūzhǎnglǎopíngfēn

This house and its lands — I will have all our kin and friends draw up a deed, and split them with you, Elder, share and share alike.

And here is the amount, and it is startling: half the estate, house and land, with a deed drawn up and witnessed by the assembled clan. He is not offering a fee. He is offering a partnership, in writing, to a monkey he met yesterday. is the disposal marker jiāng.

zhǐshìyàojiǎncǎochúgēnjiàohuàilegāoménqīng。」 zhǐshìyàojiǎncǎochúgēnjiàohuàilegāoménqīng。」

Only cut the grass and dig out the root, and do not let my house's good name be spoiled."

剪草除根 — cut the grass and dig out the root — is proverbial for wiping something out so thoroughly it cannot grow back; English says "root and branch" and means the same. Then the real concern, saved for last: 高門清德, the unspotted reputation of a great house.

xíngzhěxiàodào:「zhèlǎoerzhīfēnxiàn xíngzhěxiàodào:「zhèlǎoerzhīfēnxiàn

The Pilgrim laughed. "Old man, you do not know your own measure.

不知分限, not knowing your own limits — where your bounds are and what is yours to ask for. 老兒 takes as the little suffix er, and it is faintly cheeky: "old fellow," from a monkey to a squire.

guàicéngduìshuōsuīshìshíchángchīlejiāxiēcháfàn guàicéngduìshuōsuīshìshíchángchīlejiāxiēcháfàn

That fiend told me himself that although his belly is large, and he has eaten some of your family's tea and rice,

食腸大, a large gullet. The standing joke about Bajie for the next eighty chapters gets made here for the first time, by his enemy, in his defence. 那怪 — Wukong is still calling him "that fiend" while arguing his case.

gànleduōhǎoshìzhèniánzhèngleduōjiājiēshìzhīliàng gànleduōhǎoshìzhèniánzhèngleduōjiājiēshìzhīliàng

he has also done a great deal of good work for you; the wealth you have made these several years is all by his strength.

家貲 is household wealth, the accumulated stuff of a family. is zhèng, to earn by hard labour. 力量 takes as liàng. The argument is an audit: he ate a great deal, and he also built the balance sheet.

céngbáichīledōng西wènzěnde céngbáichīledōng西wènzěnde

He has not eaten your food for nothing. Why do you ask me to drive him away?

白吃, to eat for nothing — still the everyday word for a freeloader. 祛他 is to exorcise him, and Wukong picks up the squire's own word and hands it back sounding ungrateful.

shuōshìtiānshénxiàjièjiāzuòhuóyòuwèicénghàilejiāér shuōshìtiānshénxiàjièjiāzuòhuóyòuwèicénghàilejiāér

By his own account he is a god from Heaven come down, who does the farm-work in your stead, and he has never harmed your daughter.

巴家做活 is to graft away at building up a household. Then the fact that decides the whole case: 未曾害了你家女兒, he has never harmed your daughter. The novel will never once contradict it.

xiǎngzhèděng婿méndāngduì xiǎngzhèděng婿méndāngduì

Such a son-in-law is a fair match for your house.

門當戶對 — matched gate, matched door — is the standard phrase for two families being of the same social standing, and it is still what a Chinese parent says when sizing up a match. Applied to a hog-demon it is outrageous. Wukong says it without smiling.

zěnmehuàilejiāshēnglexíngzhǐdàngzhēndeliú。」 zěnmehuàilejiāshēnglexíngzhǐdàngzhēndeliú。」

He has not spoiled your reputation, nor disgraced your conduct; truly, you might as well keep him."

當真的, "in earnest," takes as dàng. Note what the speech has actually argued: that the monster is a better son-in-law than this family deserves. It is played for comedy, and it is not entirely a joke.

lǎogāodào:「zhǎnglǎosuīshìshāngfēnghuàdànmíngshēngshènhǎotīng lǎogāodào:「zhǎnglǎosuīshìshāngfēnghuàdànmíngshēngshènhǎotīng

Old Gao said: "Elder, though he does no harm to public morals, the name of the thing is ugly to hear.

傷風化, to injure public morals, comes out of the magistrate's vocabulary. Old Gao concedes the substance and digs in on the reputation, which tells you where he lives. 不甚好聽 takes as shèn.

dòngdòngzhuórénjiùshuō:『gāojiāzhāoleyāoguài婿。』zhèhuàerjiàorénzěndāng?」 dòngdòngzhuórénjiùshuō:『gāojiāzhāoleyāoguài婿。』zhèhuàerjiàorénzěndāng?」

At the least occasion people will say, 'The Gao family has taken in a monster for a son-in-law.' How is one to bear such talk?"

動不動 is "at the drop of a hat." 著人就說 takes as the causative zhuó, to get people saying — the second of the character's three readings in this chapter. The gossip quoted inside 『』 is a quoted scrap of speech and stays prose.

sānzàngdào:「kōngshìzuòlechángzuòjiécáijiànshǐzhōng。」 sānzàngdào:「kōngshìzuòlechángzuòjiécáijiànshǐzhōng。」

Sanzang said: "Wukong, since you have had one bout with him, have done and make an end, so that the thing is finished as it was begun."

做了一場, to have had a bout. 一發 is "you may as well go on and —." 才見始終: only then is a thing seen through from start to finish. Sanzang settles the matter on grounds of form, as he generally does, having taken no view whatever on the merits.

xíngzhědào:「cáishìshìshuǎzidìngláimenkànqiěyōuchóu。」 xíngzhědào:「cáishìshìshuǎzidìngláimenkànqiěyōuchóu。」

The Pilgrim said: "I was only trying him, for sport. This time I shall fetch him back for you to see. Do not fret."

試他一試耍子: gave him a try, for fun. 耍子 takes the suffix as zi. Wukong has just reclassified an all-night battle as a game, retroactively, and nobody in the room contradicts him.

jiào:「lǎogāoháihǎoshēngguǎndàishī。」 jiào:「lǎogāoháihǎoshēngguǎndàishī。」

And he called: "Old Gao, look well after my master, and I am off."

好生管待, look after him properly. is the adverb hái. The grammar is worth noticing: this is an instruction issued to the master of the house, not a request made of him.


總評 Commentary

One of the strangest and best scenes in the early chapters, and the strangeness is that the Monkey King argues the monster's case. Squire Gao wants extermination — 剪草除根, cut the grass and dig out the root — and offers half his estate for it, with a deed. Wukong answers with an accounting: the creature eats enormously, but he has done the work of many men, the family fortune is his doing, he has never touched the daughter, and by the measure of 門當戶對, matched gate and matched door, he is a perfectly respectable match. Every clause of the defence is true.

What defeats it is not morality but gossip. Old Gao concedes that no harm has been done to 風化, public decency; his objection is that 名聲不甚好聽, the name of the thing is ugly to hear, and that people will talk. The novel lets that stand as the operative reason, and Sanzang closes the matter on the slighter ground still that a thing begun ought to be finished. So Bajie is removed from his marriage not because he is a demon but because he is an embarrassment — which is, in the end, the injury he will spend the rest of the book resenting.