Canonical Classics ← 第十九回
第十九回
雲yún棧zhàn洞dòng悟wù空kōng收shōu八bā戒jiè
浮fú屠tú山shān玄xuán奘zàng受shòu心xīn經jīng

At the Cloud-Ladder Cave Wukong Takes In Bajie · On Pagoda Mountain Xuanzang Receives the Heart Sutra

討工錢 辭丈人
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

討工錢 辭丈人 Bajie Settles His Accounts

八bā戒jiè在zài傍páng邊biān道dào:「師shī父fù、師shī兄xiōng,你nǐ們men不bú要yào便biàn罷bà,我wǒ與yǔ他tā家jiā做zuò了le這zhè幾jǐ年nián女nǚ婿xù,就jiù是shì掛guà腳jiǎo糧liáng也yě該gāi三sān石dàn哩li。──丈zhàng人rén啊a,我wǒ的de直zhí裰duō,昨zuó晚wǎn被bèi師shī兄xiōng扯chě破pò了le,與yǔ我wǒ一yí件jiàn青qīng錦jǐn袈jiā裟shā;鞋xié子zi綻zhàn了le,與yǔ我wǒ一yì雙shuāng好hǎo新xīn鞋xié子zi。」高gāo老lǎo聞wén言yán,不bù敢gǎn不bù與yǔ,隨suí買mǎi一yì雙shuāng新xīn鞋xié,將jiāng一yì領lǐng褊biǎn衫shān,換huàn下xià舊jiù時shí衣yī物wù。那nà八bā戒jiè搖yáo搖yáo擺bǎi擺bǎi,對duì高gāo老lǎo唱chàng個gè喏rě道dào:「上shàng覆fù丈zhàng母mǔ、大dà姨yí、二èr姨yí並bìng姨yí夫fū、姑gū舅jiù諸zhū親qīn:我wǒ今jīn日rì去qù做zuò和hé尚shàng了le,不bù及jí面miàn辭cí,休xiū怪guài。丈zhàng人rén啊a,你nǐ還hái好hǎo生shēng看kàn待dài我wǒ渾hún家jiā,只zhǐ怕pà我wǒ們men取qǔ不bù成chéng經jīng時shí,好hǎo來lái還huán俗sú,照zhào舊jiù與yǔ你nǐ做zuò女nǚ婿xù過guò活huó。」行xíng者zhě喝hè道dào:「夯hāng貨huò,卻què莫mò胡hú說shuō。」八bā戒jiè道dào:「不bú是shì胡hú說shuō,只zhǐ恐kǒng一yì時shí間jiān有yǒu些xiē兒er差chā池chí,卻què不bú是shì和hé尚shàng誤wù了le做zuò,老lǎo婆pó誤wù了le娶qǔ,兩liǎng下xià裡lǐ都dōu耽dān擱gē了le?」八bā戒jiè在zài傍páng边biān道dào:「师shī父fù、师shī兄xiōng,你nǐ们men不bú要yào便biàn罢bà,我wǒ与yǔ他tā家jiā做zuò了le这zhè几jǐ年nián女nǚ婿xù,就jiù是shì挂guà脚jiǎo粮liáng也yě该gāi三sān石dàn哩li。──丈zhàng人rén啊a,我wǒ的de直zhí裰duō,昨zuó晚wǎn被bèi师shī兄xiōng扯chě破pò了le,与yǔ我wǒ一yí件jiàn青qīng锦jǐn袈jiā裟shā;鞋xié子zi绽zhàn了le,与yǔ我wǒ一yì双shuāng好hǎo新xīn鞋xié子zi。」高gāo老lǎo闻wén言yán,不bù敢gǎn不bù与yǔ,随suí买mǎi一yì双shuāng新xīn鞋xié,将jiāng一yì领lǐng褊biǎn衫shān,换huàn下xià旧jiù时shí衣yī物wù。那nà八bā戒jiè摇yáo摇yáo摆bǎi摆bǎi,对duì高gāo老lǎo唱chàng个gè喏rě道dào:「上shàng覆fù丈zhàng母mǔ、大dà姨yí、二èr姨yí并bìng姨yí夫fū、姑gū舅jiù诸zhū亲qīn:我wǒ今jīn日rì去qù做zuò和hé尚shàng了le,不bù及jí面miàn辞cí,休xiū怪guài。丈zhàng人rén啊a,你nǐ还hái好hǎo生shēng看kàn待dài我wǒ浑hún家jiā,只zhǐ怕pà我wǒ们men取qǔ不bù成chéng经jīng时shí,好hǎo来lái还huán俗sú,照zhào旧jiù与yǔ你nǐ做zuò女nǚ婿xù过guò活huó。」行xíng者zhě喝hè道dào:「夯hāng货huò,却què莫mò胡hú说shuō。」八bā戒jiè道dào:「不bú是shì胡hú说shuō,只zhǐ恐kǒng一yì时shí间jiān有yǒu些xiē儿er差chā池chí,却què不bú是shì和hé尚shàng误wù了le做zuò,老lǎo婆pó误wù了le娶qǔ,两liǎng下xià里lǐ都dōu耽dān搁gē了le?」


逐句解 Line by line

八bā戒jiè在zài傍páng邊biān道dào:「師shī父fù、師shī兄xiōng,你nǐ們men不bú要yào便biàn罷bà, 八bā戒jiè在zài傍páng边biān道dào:「师shī父fù、师shī兄xiōng,你nǐ们men不bú要yào便biàn罢bà,

Bajie said from the side: "Master, elder brother — it is all very well for you to refuse,

傍邊 writes 旁邊, so 傍 is páng, at the side. Note the timing: he waits until all the refusing is finished and everybody has agreed to take nothing, and then submits a claim.

我wǒ與yǔ他tā家jiā做zuò了le這zhè幾jǐ年nián女nǚ婿xù,就jiù是shì掛guà腳jiǎo糧liáng也yě該gāi三sān石dàn哩li。 我wǒ与yǔ他tā家jiā做zuò了le这zhè几jǐ年nián女nǚ婿xù,就jiù是shì挂guà脚jiǎo粮liáng也yě该gāi三sān石dàn哩li。

but I have been a son-in-law in this house these several years, and the wages of my keep alone should come to three dàn.

掛腳糧 is "hanging-foot grain," the board and keep owed to a live-in hand — paid in grain, because that is how a farm paid. The unit is 石, and it is a measure of bulk, not of weight: ten 斗 to the 石, a hundred 升, and something over a hundred litres by Ming reckoning, so three of them come to roughly three hundred litres of grain. You may meet this unit elsewhere as a "picul," and it is worth knowing why we do not use the word: a picul is the English name of a different Chinese unit, 擔 — a shoulder-pole load of a hundred catties, about sixty kilos — so it would understate what he is claiming by about a third. Note also that 石 is read dàn here and shí everywhere else in the chapter, where it means stone; the measure borrowed its reading from 擔, the carrying pole, because one pole-load of grain came to about one 石 of it. The claim is not extortion. It is a farmhand's reckoning of unpaid wages, and it is roughly right.

──丈zhàng人rén啊a,我wǒ的de直zhí裰duō,昨zuó晚wǎn被bèi師shī兄xiōng扯chě破pò了le,與yǔ我wǒ一yí件jiàn青qīng錦jǐn袈jiā裟shā; ──丈zhàng人rén啊a,我wǒ的de直zhí裰duō,昨zuó晚wǎn被bèi师shī兄xiōng扯chě破pò了le,与yǔ我wǒ一yí件jiàn青qīng锦jǐn袈jiā裟shā;

— Father-in-law! My cassock was torn by my brother last night; give me a robe of blue brocade.

The dash marks a swerve in mid-speech. He has been arguing with his master and turns, without drawing breath, to his father-in-law with a shopping list. 直裰 is a monk's straight-seamed gown.

鞋xié子zi綻zhàn了le,與yǔ我wǒ一yì雙shuāng好hǎo新xīn鞋xié子zi。」 鞋xié子zi绽zhàn了le,与yǔ我wǒ一yì双shuāng好hǎo新xīn鞋xié子zi。」

My shoes are burst; give me a good new pair."

綻 is to split open along a seam — the word for a shoe that has burst rather than worn through. Having renounced the world about an hour ago, he is asking for new footwear. The two demands are one gesture, and Squire Gao, who has just been told his money would cost a thousand ages to expiate, pays up on the spot.

高gāo老lǎo聞wén言yán,不bù敢gǎn不bù與yǔ,隨suí買mǎi一yì雙shuāng新xīn鞋xié,將jiāng一yì領lǐng褊biǎn衫shān,換huàn下xià舊jiù時shí衣yī物wù。 高gāo老lǎo闻wén言yán,不bù敢gǎn不bù与yǔ,随suí买mǎi一yì双shuāng新xīn鞋xié,将jiāng一yì领lǐng褊biǎn衫shān,换huàn下xià旧jiù时shí衣yī物wù。

Old Gao, hearing him, did not dare refuse. He bought a pair of new shoes and an over-robe, and Bajie changed out of his old clothes.

不敢不與, "did not dare not to give." The double negative is exact and worth keeping in English: Old Gao has finally understood that he is dealing with people who cannot be refused.

那nà八bā戒jiè搖yáo搖yáo擺bǎi擺bǎi,對duì高gāo老lǎo唱chàng個gè喏rě道dào:「上shàng覆fù丈zhàng母mǔ、大dà姨yí、二èr姨yí並bìng姨yí夫fū、姑gū舅jiù諸zhū親qīn: 那nà八bā戒jiè摇yáo摇yáo摆bǎi摆bǎi,对duì高gāo老lǎo唱chàng个gè喏rě道dào:「上shàng覆fù丈zhàng母mǔ、大dà姨yí、二èr姨yí并bìng姨yí夫fū、姑gū舅jiù诸zhū亲qīn:

Then Bajie went swaggering up to old Gao and made him a bow. "Convey my respects to my mother-in-law, to my elder and younger aunts, to my uncles by marriage, and to all my kin on either side.

搖搖擺擺, swaggering — the walk of a man who has just been paid. 唱個喏 takes 喏 as rě, and 上覆 is to convey one's respects. Then the list, which is the whole point: he names his wife's entire family, one relative at a time, on his way out of the family.

我wǒ今jīn日rì去qù做zuò和hé尚shàng了le,不bù及jí面miàn辭cí,休xiū怪guài。 我wǒ今jīn日rì去qù做zuò和hé尚shàng了le,不bù及jí面miàn辞cí,休xiū怪guài。

Today I go to be a monk. Forgive me that I cannot take my leave in person.

不及面辭, no time to take leave face to face. He is speaking exactly like a son-in-law called away on business, and he is leaving to become a monk.

丈zhàng人rén啊a,你nǐ還hái好hǎo生shēng看kàn待dài我wǒ渾hún家jiā, 丈zhàng人rén啊a,你nǐ还hái好hǎo生shēng看kàn待dài我wǒ浑hún家jiā,

Father-in-law, mind you take good care of my woman,

渾家, "my woman," is the plain vernacular for a wife. Two paragraphs after being forbidden the word 拙荊, he has found another one.

只zhǐ怕pà我wǒ們men取qǔ不bù成chéng經jīng時shí,好hǎo來lái還huán俗sú,照zhào舊jiù與yǔ你nǐ做zuò女nǚ婿xù過guò活huó。」 只zhǐ怕pà我wǒ们men取qǔ不bù成chéng经jīng时shí,好hǎo来lái还huán俗sú,照zhào旧jiù与yǔ你nǐ做zuò女nǚ婿xù过guò活huó。」

for if we fail to fetch the scriptures I may well come back and return to the world, and be your son-in-law again as before."

And the sting. 還俗 is to leave the order and go back to lay life, with 還 read huán, to return; the word is still in use for anyone who quits a monastery. He has taken the precepts, been given two names, and is already negotiating his exit terms.

行xíng者zhě喝hè道dào:「夯hāng貨huò,卻què莫mò胡hú說shuō。」 行xíng者zhě喝hè道dào:「夯hāng货huò,却què莫mò胡hú说shuō。」

The Pilgrim shouted at him: "Lout! Do not talk nonsense."

夯貨, lout. Wukong reaches for the same insult he was shouting through the cave door a few passages ago, and it has softened, in that time, into something close to a nickname.

八bā戒jiè道dào:「不bú是shì胡hú說shuō,只zhǐ恐kǒng一yì時shí間jiān有yǒu些xiē兒er差chā池chí, 八bā戒jiè道dào:「不bú是shì胡hú说shuō,只zhǐ恐kǒng一yì时shí间jiān有yǒu些xiē儿er差chā池chí,

Bajie said: "It is not nonsense. I only fear that if something should go amiss along the way,

差池 takes 差 as chā: a slip, a discrepancy, something not lining up. 一時間, at some point along the way.

卻què不bú是shì和hé尚shàng誤wù了le做zuò,老lǎo婆pó誤wù了le娶qǔ,兩liǎng下xià裡lǐ都dōu耽dān擱gē了le?」 却què不bú是shì和hé尚shàng误wù了le做zuò,老lǎo婆pó误wù了le娶qǔ,两liǎng下xià里lǐ都dōu耽dān搁gē了le?」

would it not be that the monk was botched and the wife was lost, and both sides left hanging?"

The clinching argument, and it is a good one: 和尚誤了做,老婆誤了娶 — the monk botched, the wife forgone — and 兩下裡都耽擱了, both sides left hanging, with 都 read dōu. Bajie is the only person in this chapter who has sat down and worked out what the pilgrimage might cost if it fails.


總評 Commentary

Where Sanzang refused two hundred taels and Wukong pocketed a handful, Bajie submits an invoice. He has worked the farm for years; the board and keep of a hired hand come to three dàn of grain, some three hundred litres of it; his gown is torn and his shoes have burst along the seam. The reckoning is a farmhand's — exact, itemised, entirely unembarrassed — and Squire Gao, who has just been told that a thread's worth of gift would cost a thousand ages of cultivation to work off, does not dare refuse a line of it.

Then the farewell, which is the finest thing in the chapter. He salutes his wife's whole family by name, asks his father-in-law to look after her, and observes that if the scripture-fetching does not come off he may well 還俗, leave the order and resume his place as son-in-law. Wukong calls it nonsense. It is not nonsense: 和尚誤了做,老婆誤了娶,兩下裡都耽擱了 — the monk botched, the wife forgone, both sides left hanging. He has been a monk for one afternoon, and he is the only member of the party who has counted the cost of the journey before setting out on it.