Canonical Classics ← 第五十一回
第五十一回
心xīn猿yuán空kōng用yòng千qiān般bān計jì
水shuǐ火huǒ無wú功gōng難nán煉liàn魔mó

The Mind-Monkey Spends a Thousand Devices in Vain · Water and Fire Avail Nothing, and the Fiend Is Hard to Refine

天將難選,一物降一物
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

天將難選,一物降一物 Choosing a General: One Thing Subdues Another

四sì大dà天tiān師shī奉fèng旨zhǐ意yì,即jí出chū靈líng霄xiāo寶bǎo殿diàn,對duì行xíng者zhě道dào:「大dà聖shèng啊a,玉yù帝dì寬kuān恩ēn,言yán天tiān宮gōng無wú神shén思sī凡fán,著zhuó你nǐ挑tiāo選xuǎn幾jǐ員yuán天tiān將jiàng,擒qín魔mó去qù哩li。」行xíng者zhě低dī頭tóu暗àn想xiǎng道dào:「天tiān上shàng將jiàng不bù如rú老lǎo孫sūn者zhě多duō,勝shèng似sì老lǎo孫sūn者zhě少shǎo。想xiǎng我wǒ鬧nào天tiān宮gōng時shí,玉yù帝dì遣qiǎn十shí萬wàn天tiān兵bīng,佈bù天tiān羅luó地dì網wǎng,更gèng不bù曾céng有yǒu一yí將jiàng敢gǎn與yǔ我wǒ比bǐ手shǒu。向xiàng後hòu來lái,調diào了le小xiǎo聖shèng二èr郎láng,方fāng是shì我wǒ的de對duì手shǒu。如rú今jīn那nà怪guài物wù手shǒu段duàn又yòu強qiáng似sì老lǎo孫sūn,卻què怎zěn麼me得dé能néng夠gòu取qǔ勝shèng?」許xǔ旌jīng陽yáng道dào:「此cǐ一yì時shí,彼bǐ一yì時shí,大dà不bù同tóng也yě。常cháng言yán道dào:『一yí物wù降xiáng一yí物wù』哩li。你nǐ好hǎo違wéi了le旨zhǐ意yì?但dàn憑píng高gāo見jiàn,選xuǎn用yòng天tiān將jiàng,勿wù得dé遲chí疑yí誤wù事shì。」行xíng者zhě道dào:「既jì然rán如rú此cǐ,深shēn感gǎn上shàng恩ēn,果guǒ是shì不bù好hǎo違wéi旨zhǐ;一yì則zé老lǎo孫sūn又yòu不bù可kě空kōng走zǒu這zhè遭zāo。煩fán旌jīng陽yáng轉zhuǎn奏zòu玉yù帝dì,只zhǐ教jiào托tuō塔tǎ李lǐ天tiān王wáng與yǔ哪né吒zhā太tài子zǐ去qù罷ba,他tā還hái有yǒu幾jǐ件jiàn降xiáng妖yāo兵bīng器qì,且qiě下xià界jiè與yǔ那nà怪guài見jiàn一yí仗zhàng,以yǐ看kàn如rú何hé。果guǒ若ruò能néng擒qín得dé他tā,是shì老lǎo孫sūn之zhī幸xìng;若ruò不bù能néng,那nà時shí再zài作zuò區qū處chǔ。」四sì大dà天tiān师shī奉fèng旨zhǐ意yì,即jí出chū灵líng霄xiāo宝bǎo殿diàn,对duì行xíng者zhě道dào:「大dà圣shèng啊a,玉yù帝dì宽kuān恩ēn,言yán天tiān宫gōng无wú神shén思sī凡fán,着zhuó你nǐ挑tiāo选xuǎn几jǐ员yuán天tiān将jiàng,擒qín魔mó去qù哩li。」行xíng者zhě低dī头tóu暗àn想xiǎng道dào:「天tiān上shàng将jiàng不bù如rú老lǎo孙sūn者zhě多duō,胜shèng似sì老lǎo孙sūn者zhě少shǎo。想xiǎng我wǒ闹nào天tiān宫gōng时shí,玉yù帝dì遣qiǎn十shí万wàn天tiān兵bīng,布bù天tiān罗luó地dì网wǎng,更gèng不bù曾céng有yǒu一yí将jiàng敢gǎn与yǔ我wǒ比bǐ手shǒu。向xiàng后hòu来lái,调diào了le小xiǎo圣shèng二èr郎láng,方fāng是shì我wǒ的de对duì手shǒu。如rú今jīn那nà怪guài物wù手shǒu段duàn又yòu强qiáng似sì老lǎo孙sūn,却què怎zěn么me得dé能néng够gòu取qǔ胜shèng?」许xǔ旌jīng阳yáng道dào:「此cǐ一yì时shí,彼bǐ一yì时shí,大dà不bù同tóng也yě。常cháng言yán道dào:『一yí物wù降xiáng一yí物wù』哩li。你nǐ好hǎo违wéi了le旨zhǐ意yì?但dàn凭píng高gāo见jiàn,选xuǎn用yòng天tiān将jiàng,勿wù得dé迟chí疑yí误wù事shì。」行xíng者zhě道dào:「既jì然rán如rú此cǐ,深shēn感gǎn上shàng恩ēn,果guǒ是shì不bù好hǎo违wéi旨zhǐ;一yì则zé老lǎo孙sūn又yòu不bù可kě空kōng走zǒu这zhè遭zāo。烦fán旌jīng阳yáng转zhuǎn奏zòu玉yù帝dì,只zhǐ教jiào托tuō塔tǎ李lǐ天tiān王wáng与yǔ哪né咤zhā太tài子zǐ去qù罢ba,他tā还hái有yǒu几jǐ件jiàn降xiáng妖yāo兵bīng器qì,且qiě下xià界jiè与yǔ那nà怪guài见jiàn一yí仗zhàng,以yǐ看kàn如rú何hé。果guǒ若ruò能néng擒qín得dé他tā,是shì老lǎo孙sūn之zhī幸xìng;若ruò不bù能néng,那nà时shí再zài作zuò区qū处chǔ。」


逐句解 Line by line

四sì大dà天tiān師shī奉fèng旨zhǐ意yì,即jí出chū靈líng霄xiāo寶bǎo殿diàn,對duì行xíng者zhě道dào:「大dà聖shèng啊a,玉yù帝dì寬kuān恩ēn,言yán天tiān宮gōng無wú神shén思sī凡fán,著zhuó你nǐ挑tiāo選xuǎn幾jǐ員yuán天tiān將jiàng,擒qín魔mó去qù哩li。」 四sì大dà天tiān师shī奉fèng旨zhǐ意yì,即jí出chū灵líng霄xiāo宝bǎo殿diàn,对duì行xíng者zhě道dào:「大dà圣shèng啊a,玉yù帝dì宽kuān恩ēn,言yán天tiān宫gōng无wú神shén思sī凡fán,着zhuó你nǐ挑tiāo选xuǎn几jǐ员yuán天tiān将jiàng,擒qín魔mó去qù哩li。」

The four Celestial Masters, having received the command, came straight out of the Hall of Divine Mists and said to Pilgrim, "Great Sage! The Jade Emperor is generous. He says there is no god in the palace of Heaven who has gone down out of longing, and he has you pick out a few heavenly generals and go seize the fiend."

著你挑選 is zhuó again, "have you pick." 天將 is jiàng. 哩 closes on the light li. The Masters pass the order on without softening it, and without appearing to notice that it hands Wukong back the very problem he brought upstairs.

行xíng者zhě低dī頭tóu暗àn想xiǎng道dào:「天tiān上shàng將jiàng不bù如rú老lǎo孫sūn者zhě多duō,勝shèng似sì老lǎo孫sūn者zhě少shǎo。 行xíng者zhě低dī头tóu暗àn想xiǎng道dào:「天tiān上shàng将jiàng不bù如rú老lǎo孙sūn者zhě多duō,胜shèng似sì老lǎo孙sūn者zhě少shǎo。

Pilgrim lowered his head and thought quietly: "Of the generals in Heaven, those who fall short of old Monkey are many, and those who outmatch him are few.

天上將 takes jiàng. The sentence is built as a see-saw — 者多 against 者少, many below him and few above — and the vanity in it is arithmetic rather than boasting. He is doing sums on the roster he has just heard read out.

想xiǎng我wǒ鬧nào天tiān宮gōng時shí,玉yù帝dì遣qiǎn十shí萬wàn天tiān兵bīng,佈bù天tiān羅luó地dì網wǎng,更gèng不bù曾céng有yǒu一yí將jiàng敢gǎn與yǔ我wǒ比bǐ手shǒu。 想xiǎng我wǒ闹nào天tiān宫gōng时shí,玉yù帝dì遣qiǎn十shí万wàn天tiān兵bīng,布bù天tiān罗luó地dì网wǎng,更gèng不bù曾céng有yǒu一yí将jiàng敢gǎn与yǔ我wǒ比bǐ手shǒu。

I remember when I made havoc in the palace of Heaven: the Jade Emperor sent a hundred thousand heavenly soldiers and spread the nets of sky and earth, and not one general among them dared try hands with me.

更不曾 takes gèng. 一將 is worth pausing on: left to itself a machine reads 將 as jiāng, a level tone, which would make the 一 in front of it yì. But the character means a general here and is read jiàng, a falling tone — so the 一 has to be lifted by hand to yí. The second character's reading decides the first character's tone, which is why a case like this can never be left to the machine. 天羅地網, nets above and nets below, is the standing phrase for a trap nothing escapes. Nothing did escape it, which is exactly his point.

向xiàng後hòu來lái,調diào了le小xiǎo聖shèng二èr郎láng,方fāng是shì我wǒ的de對duì手shǒu。 向xiàng后hòu来lái,调diào了le小xiǎo圣shèng二èr郎láng,方fāng是shì我wǒ的de对duì手shǒu。

Later on they brought in the Little Sage Erlang, and he was a match for me.

調 takes diào, to summon and post a man to a job, not the tiáo of tuning an instrument. 方是我的對手 is a genuine concession and the only one in the speech — Erlang did take him, back in Ch.6.

如rú今jīn那nà怪guài物wù手shǒu段duàn又yòu強qiáng似sì老lǎo孫sūn,卻què怎zěn麼me得dé能néng夠gòu取qǔ勝shèng?」 如rú今jīn那nà怪guài物wù手shǒu段duàn又yòu强qiáng似sì老lǎo孙sūn,却què怎zěn么me得dé能néng够gòu取qǔ胜shèng?」

Now this fiend's powers are stronger still than old Monkey's — how then is a victory to be got?"

那怪物 takes nà. 強 is qiáng, the comparative "stronger." 怎麼得 takes dé, the reading for managing or being able. The thought stops exactly where the chapter's trouble starts: he can name nobody on the list who would do.

許xǔ旌jīng陽yáng道dào:「此cǐ一yì時shí,彼bǐ一yì時shí,大dà不bù同tóng也yě。 许xǔ旌jīng阳yáng道dào:「此cǐ一yì时shí,彼bǐ一yì时shí,大dà不bù同tóng也yě。

Xu Jingyang said, "That was one time, this is another; they are not the same at all.

此一時,彼一時 — "that was one time, this is another" — comes from Mencius and is still current Chinese for "circumstances alter cases." Both 一 are yì. The point is that situations govern outcomes, not the ranking of persons, which is the direct answer to Wukong's arithmetic.

常cháng言yán道dào:『一yí物wù降xiáng一yí物wù』哩li。 常cháng言yán道dào:『一yí物wù降xiáng一yí物wù』哩li。

As the common saying has it, 'one thing subdues another.'

Here is the proverb the whole chapter runs on: 一物降一物, one thing subdues another. Every schoolchild knows it, and it is the Chinese for rock-paper-scissors as a theory of the world — nothing is strongest, things are only fitted or unfitted to what they meet. 降 is xiáng, to subdue, not the jiàng of coming down; take the wrong reading and the proverb turns to nonsense. Everything the ring swallows over the next several passages proves the saying from the wrong side.

你nǐ好hǎo違wéi了le旨zhǐ意yì? 你nǐ好hǎo违wéi了le旨zhǐ意yì?

How can you go against the edict?

違了 ends on le. The question is put lightly and it is perfectly real: the order has been given and Wukong is standing about arguing with it.

但dàn憑píng高gāo見jiàn,選xuǎn用yòng天tiān將jiàng,勿wù得dé遲chí疑yí誤wù事shì。」 但dàn凭píng高gāo见jiàn,选xuǎn用yòng天tiān将jiàng,勿wù得dé迟chí疑yí误wù事shì。」

Use your own judgement, pick the generals you want, and do not lose the matter by hanging back."

天將 takes jiàng and 勿得 takes dé. 誤事 is to ruin a piece of business by dragging your feet — the standard reproach in any office, then and now.

行xíng者zhě道dào:「既jì然rán如rú此cǐ,深shēn感gǎn上shàng恩ēn,果guǒ是shì不bù好hǎo違wéi旨zhǐ;一yì則zé老lǎo孫sūn又yòu不bù可kě空kōng走zǒu這zhè遭zāo。 行xíng者zhě道dào:「既jì然rán如rú此cǐ,深shēn感gǎn上shàng恩ēn,果guǒ是shì不bù好hǎo违wéi旨zhǐ;一yì则zé老lǎo孙sūn又yòu不bù可kě空kōng走zǒu这zhè遭zāo。

Pilgrim said, "Since that is how it stands, I am deeply obliged for the grace above, and it is indeed not well to go against an edict; and besides, old Monkey ought not to have made this trip for nothing.

Two clauses run together under one semicolon here. 一則 gives yì. And 空走這遭 — to have walked the whole road for nothing — is the honest reason sitting underneath the two polite ones.

煩fán旌jīng陽yáng轉zhuǎn奏zòu玉yù帝dì,只zhǐ教jiào托tuō塔tǎ李lǐ天tiān王wáng與yǔ哪né吒zhā太tài子zǐ去qù罷ba,他tā還hái有yǒu幾jǐ件jiàn降xiáng妖yāo兵bīng器qì,且qiě下xià界jiè與yǔ那nà怪guài見jiàn一yí仗zhàng,以yǐ看kàn如rú何hé。 烦fán旌jīng阳yáng转zhuǎn奏zòu玉yù帝dì,只zhǐ教jiào托tuō塔tǎ李lǐ天tiān王wáng与yǔ哪né咤zhā太tài子zǐ去qù罢ba,他tā还hái有yǒu几jǐ件jiàn降xiáng妖yāo兵bīng器qì,且qiě下xià界jiè与yǔ那nà怪guài见jiàn一yí仗zhàng,以yǐ看kàn如rú何hé。

Trouble yourself, Jingyang, to report back to the Jade Emperor: let him just send Pagoda-bearing Heavenly King Li and Prince Nezha, since they still have several weapons for subduing fiends. Let them go down to the world and see one bout with the creature, and we shall see how it goes.

降妖 is xiáng, subduing, matching the proverb four segments back. 去罷 takes the light ba; 還有 takes hái; 那怪 takes nà; 一仗 gives yí; 以看 takes kàn. Note whom he picks: the pair who beat him once. It is the nearest he will come to admitting he cannot manage this alone.

果guǒ若ruò能néng擒qín得dé他tā,是shì老lǎo孫sūn之zhī幸xìng;若ruò不bù能néng,那nà時shí再zài作zuò區qū處chǔ。」 果guǒ若ruò能néng擒qín得dé他tā,是shì老lǎo孙sūn之zhī幸xìng;若ruò不bù能néng,那nà时shí再zài作zuò区qū处chǔ。」

If they can take him, it is old Monkey's good fortune; and if they cannot, we shall make other arrangements then."

區處 takes chǔ, the verb — to dispose of a matter, to settle it — not the chù that means a place. 擒得 takes dé and 那時 takes nà. The two conditions run under a single semicolon in one sentence.


總評 Commentary

一物降一物 — one thing subdues another — is the hinge of the whole 金兜山 episode, and the book plants it here deliberately, before a single force has been sent against the ring. Nothing in this chapter is strong enough. The only question that matters is what the ring is not fitted to swallow, and neither Wukong nor Heaven thinks to ask it.

降 takes xiáng twice in this passage — subduing the fiend, weapons for subduing fiends — against the jiàng of 降旨 and 下降, sending down. The two readings sit close together all through the chapter and each one has to be set by hand.

Wukong's reasoning is worth watching. He works down the roster from memory, finds only Erlang above himself, and then asks for Li Jing and Nezha instead — the pair who took him in the sixth chapter. He does not explain why, and the book does not explain it for him.