Canonical Classics ← 第二回
第二回
悟wù徹chè菩pú提tí真zhēn妙miào理lǐ
斷duàn魔mó歸guī本běn合hé元yuán神shén

Wukong Fully Comprehends the True Mystery of Bodhi · Severing the Demon, Returning to the Root, Uniting the Primal Spirit

祖師誡別
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

祖師誡別 The Patriarch's Parting Warning

悟wù空kōng聞wén此cǐ言yán,滿mǎn眼yǎn墮duò淚lèi道dào:「師shī父fù,教jiào我wǒ往wǎng那nǎ裡lǐ去qù?」祖zǔ師shī道dào:「你nǐ從cóng那nǎ裡lǐ來lái,便biàn從cóng那nǎ裡lǐ去qù就jiù是shì了le。」悟wù空kōng頓dùn然rán醒xǐng悟wù道dào:「我wǒ自zì東dōng勝shèng神shén洲zhōu傲ào來lái國guó花huā果guǒ山shān水shuǐ簾lián洞dòng來lái的de。」祖zǔ師shī道dào:「你nǐ快kuài回huí去qù,全quán你nǐ性xìng命mìng;若ruò在zài此cǐ間jiān,斷duàn然rán不bù可kě。」悟wù空kōng領lǐng罪zuì,上shàng告gào尊zūn師shī:「我wǒ也yě離lí家jiā有yǒu二èr十shí年nián矣yǐ,雖suī是shì回huí顧gù舊jiù日rì兒ér孫sūn,但dàn念niàn師shī父fù厚hòu恩ēn未wèi報bào,不bù敢gǎn去qù。」祖zǔ師shī道dào:「那nǎ裡lǐ甚shèn麼me恩ēn義yì,你nǐ只zhǐ不bù惹rě禍huò,不bù牽qiān帶dài我wǒ就jiù罷bà了le。」悟wù空kōng見jiàn沒méi奈nài何hé,只zhǐ得dé拜bài辭cí,與yǔ眾zhòng相xiāng別bié。祖zǔ師shī道dào:「你nǐ這zhè去qù,定dìng生shēng不bù良liáng。憑píng你nǐ怎zěn麼me惹rě禍huò行xíng凶xiōng,卻què不bù許xǔ說shuō是shì我wǒ的de徒tú弟dì。你nǐ說shuō出chū半bàn個gè字zì來lái,我wǒ就jiù知zhī之zhī,把bǎ你nǐ這zhè猢hú猻sūn剝bō皮pí銼cuò骨gǔ,將jiāng神shén魂hún貶biǎn在zài九jiǔ幽yōu之zhī處chù,教jiào你nǐ萬wàn劫jié不bù得dé翻fān身shēn!」悟wù空kōng道dào:「決jué不bù敢gǎn提tí起qǐ師shī父fù一yí字zì,只zhǐ說shuō是shì我wǒ自zì家jiā會huì的de便biàn罷bà。」悟wù空kōng闻wén此cǐ言yán,满mǎn眼yǎn堕duò泪lèi道dào:「师shī父fù,教jiào我wǒ往wǎng那nǎ里lǐ去qù?」祖zǔ师shī道dào:「你nǐ从cóng那nǎ里lǐ来lái,便biàn从cóng那nǎ里lǐ去qù就jiù是shì了le。」悟wù空kōng顿dùn然rán醒xǐng悟wù道dào:「我wǒ自zì东dōng胜shèng神shén洲zhōu傲ào来lái国guó花huā果guǒ山shān水shuǐ帘lián洞dòng来lái的de。」祖zǔ师shī道dào:「你nǐ快kuài回huí去qù,全quán你nǐ性xìng命mìng;若ruò在zài此cǐ间jiān,断duàn然rán不bù可kě。」悟wù空kōng领lǐng罪zuì,上shàng告gào尊zūn师shī:「我wǒ也yě离lí家jiā有yǒu二èr十shí年nián矣yǐ,虽suī是shì回huí顾gù旧jiù日rì儿ér孙sūn,但dàn念niàn师shī父fù厚hòu恩ēn未wèi报bào,不bù敢gǎn去qù。」祖zǔ师shī道dào:「那nǎ里lǐ甚shèn么me恩ēn义yì,你nǐ只zhǐ不bù惹rě祸huò,不bù牵qiān带dài我wǒ就jiù罢bà了le。」悟wù空kōng见jiàn没méi奈nài何hé,只zhǐ得dé拜bài辞cí,与yǔ众zhòng相xiāng别bié。祖zǔ师shī道dào:「你nǐ这zhè去qù,定dìng生shēng不bù良liáng。凭píng你nǐ怎zěn么me惹rě祸huò行xíng凶xiōng,却què不bù许xǔ说shuō是shì我wǒ的de徒tú弟dì。你nǐ说shuō出chū半bàn个gè字zì来lái,我wǒ就jiù知zhī之zhī,把bǎ你nǐ这zhè猢hú狲sūn剥bō皮pí锉cuò骨gǔ,将jiāng神shén魂hún贬biǎn在zài九jiǔ幽yōu之zhī处chù,教jiào你nǐ万wàn劫jié不bù得dé翻fān身shēn!」悟wù空kōng道dào:「决jué不bù敢gǎn提tí起qǐ师shī父fù一yí字zì,只zhǐ说shuō是shì我wǒ自zì家jiā会huì的de便biàn罢bà。」


逐句解 Line by line

悟wù空kōng聞wén此cǐ言yán,滿mǎn眼yǎn墮duò淚lèi道dào:「師shī父fù,教jiào我wǒ往wǎng那nǎ裡lǐ去qù?」 悟wù空kōng闻wén此cǐ言yán,满mǎn眼yǎn堕duò泪lèi道dào:「师shī父fù,教jiào我wǒ往wǎng那nǎ里lǐ去qù?」

Hearing this, Wukong, his eyes brimming with tears, said: "Master, where would you have me go?"

滿眼墮淚 — his eyes fill and spill over. This is the first time in two chapters that the monkey cries, and what he is crying about is being made to leave. 教我 takes 教 as jiào, "would have me"; 那裡 takes 那 as nǎ, where.

祖zǔ師shī道dào:「你nǐ從cóng那nǎ裡lǐ來lái,便biàn從cóng那nǎ裡lǐ去qù就jiù是shì了le。」 祖zǔ师shī道dào:「你nǐ从cóng那nǎ里lǐ来lái,便biàn从cóng那nǎ里lǐ去qù就jiù是shì了le。」

The Patriarch said: "Where you came from — just go back there, and that's all."

你從那裡來,便從那裡去 — go back where you came from. Flat, and unanswerable. In a chapter whose master's address is a riddle spelling out "the heart," a line like this has more than one floor to it.

悟wù空kōng頓dùn然rán醒xǐng悟wù道dào:「我wǒ自zì東dōng勝shèng神shén洲zhōu傲ào來lái國guó花huā果guǒ山shān水shuǐ簾lián洞dòng來lái的de。」 悟wù空kōng顿dùn然rán醒xǐng悟wù道dào:「我wǒ自zì东dōng胜shèng神shén洲zhōu傲ào来lái国guó花huā果guǒ山shān水shuǐ帘lián洞dòng来lái的de。」

Wukong suddenly understood: "I came from the Water-Curtain Cave on the Mountain of Flowers and Fruit, in the country of Aolai, in the Eastern Continent of Superior Spirit."

頓然醒悟, he understands all at once — and the address he recites is the one he gave this same master on the day he arrived: 東勝神洲 (Dōng shèng shén zhōu), Pūrvavideha in the Buddhist reckoning of the four continents; then the land of Aolai, the Mountain of Flowers and Fruit, the Water-Curtain Cave. Twenty years, and he still has it by heart. One point of spelling: the canonical Buddhist name is 東勝身洲, "Superior Body," rendering the Sanskrit sense of bodies finer than our own — but the 世德堂本 writes 神, spirit, and this edition follows the page it is printed on.

祖zǔ師shī道dào:「你nǐ快kuài回huí去qù,全quán你nǐ性xìng命mìng;若ruò在zài此cǐ間jiān,斷duàn然rán不bù可kě。」 祖zǔ师shī道dào:「你nǐ快kuài回huí去qù,全quán你nǐ性xìng命mìng;若ruò在zài此cǐ间jiān,断duàn然rán不bù可kě。」

The Patriarch said: "Go back quickly, and save your life — to stay here is absolutely not allowed."

全你性命, to keep your life whole. The master frames the expulsion as a rescue, which is either kindness or a very serviceable excuse. 斷然不可 is absolutely out of the question. (不可 keeps bù.)

悟wù空kōng領lǐng罪zuì,上shàng告gào尊zūn師shī:「我wǒ也yě離lí家jiā有yǒu二èr十shí年nián矣yǐ,雖suī是shì回huí顧gù舊jiù日rì兒ér孫sūn,但dàn念niàn師shī父fù厚hòu恩ēn未wèi報bào,不bù敢gǎn去qù。」 悟wù空kōng领lǐng罪zuì,上shàng告gào尊zūn师shī:「我wǒ也yě离lí家jiā有yǒu二èr十shí年nián矣yǐ,虽suī是shì回huí顾gù旧jiù日rì儿ér孙sūn,但dàn念niàn师shī父fù厚hòu恩ēn未wèi报bào,不bù敢gǎn去qù。」

Wukong accepted the reproof but addressed the master: "I too have been away from home twenty years; though I long to see my old children and grandchildren again, I think of the master's deep kindness, still unrepaid, and I dare not go."

領罪 is to accept a reproof without protest. Then the number: twenty years. The chapter has been disposing of time in single clauses — six or seven years, then seven, then three more — and this is the total. He does want to see his 舊日兒孫, the children and grandchildren of former days (兒 in full tone ér, offspring, not the retroflex suffix), but the debt outweighs the wish. (不敢 keeps bù.)

祖zǔ師shī道dào:「那nǎ裡lǐ甚shèn麼me恩ēn義yì,你nǐ只zhǐ不bù惹rě禍huò,不bù牽qiān帶dài我wǒ就jiù罷bà了le。」 祖zǔ师shī道dào:「那nǎ里lǐ甚shèn么me恩ēn义yì,你nǐ只zhǐ不bù惹rě祸huò,不bù牵qiān带dài我wǒ就jiù罢bà了le。」

The Patriarch said: "What kindness or obligation is there? Just see that you cause no trouble and do not drag me into it — that will be enough."

And the gratitude is swatted away almost brutally: 那裡甚麼恩義, what kindness, what obligation? Just don't cause trouble and don't drag me into it. 那 here is nǎ in its rhetorical use. Note what the master is actually anxious about, and it is not his disciple's soul. (不惹 and 不牽 keep bù.)

悟wù空kōng見jiàn沒méi奈nài何hé,只zhǐ得dé拜bài辭cí,與yǔ眾zhòng相xiāng別bié。 悟wù空kōng见jiàn没méi奈nài何hé,只zhǐ得dé拜bài辞cí,与yǔ众zhòng相xiāng别bié。

Seeing there was no help for it, Wukong could only bow in farewell and part from the others.

沒奈何, nothing to be done — the same phrase the woodcutter used in the last chapter about the life he could not leave. Wukong has the opposite trouble: a life he is not allowed to stay in.

祖zǔ師shī道dào:「你nǐ這zhè去qù,定dìng生shēng不bù良liáng。憑píng你nǐ怎zěn麼me惹rě禍huò行xíng凶xiōng,卻què不bù許xǔ說shuō是shì我wǒ的de徒tú弟dì。 祖zǔ师shī道dào:「你nǐ这zhè去qù,定dìng生shēng不bù良liáng。凭píng你nǐ怎zěn么me惹rě祸huò行xíng凶xiōng,却què不bù许xǔ说shuō是shì我wǒ的de徒tú弟dì。

The Patriarch said: "This departure of yours will surely breed mischief. However you may cause trouble or do violence, you are not to say you are my disciple.

定生不良 — this departure will certainly breed mischief. He is not guessing. And then the condition, which is the strangest thing in the chapter: however much trouble you make, 卻不許說是我的徒弟, you are not to say whose disciple you are. 行凶 is to do violence, with 行 as xíng. (不良 and 不許 keep bù.)

你nǐ說shuō出chū半bàn個gè字zì來lái,我wǒ就jiù知zhī之zhī,把bǎ你nǐ這zhè猢hú猻sūn剝bō皮pí銼cuò骨gǔ,將jiāng神shén魂hún貶biǎn在zài九jiǔ幽yōu之zhī處chù,教jiào你nǐ萬wàn劫jié不bù得dé翻fān身shēn!」 你nǐ说shuō出chū半bàn个gè字zì来lái,我wǒ就jiù知zhī之zhī,把bǎ你nǐ这zhè猢hú狲sūn剥bō皮pí锉cuò骨gǔ,将jiāng神shén魂hún贬biǎn在zài九jiǔ幽yōu之zhī处chù,教jiào你nǐ万wàn劫jié不bù得dé翻fān身shēn!」

"If you let slip even half a word, I shall know of it, and I will flay this monkey's skin and grind his bones, and banish your soul to the ninefold dark, never to recover through ten thousand kalpas!"

And the penalty for saying his name is the most violent thing anybody threatens in these two chapters. 剝皮 (bō pí) is to flay, 銼骨 (cuò gǔ) is to file the bones away, 九幽 is the ninefold dark at the bottom of hell, and 萬劫不得翻身 is never to turn over again through ten thousand kalpas. Not for violence. Not for murder. For attribution. (不得 keeps bù, with 得 as dé, to be able; 教 is the causative jiào.)

悟wù空kōng道dào:「決jué不bù敢gǎn提tí起qǐ師shī父fù一yí字zì,只zhǐ說shuō是shì我wǒ自zì家jiā會huì的de便biàn罷bà。」 悟wù空kōng道dào:「决jué不bù敢gǎn提tí起qǐ师shī父fù一yí字zì,只zhǐ说shuō是shì我wǒ自zì家jiā会huì的de便biàn罢bà。」

Wukong said: "I will not bring up a single word of the master; I will only say I learned it all myself, and that will be the end of it."

只說是我自家會的 — I'll just say I taught myself. And he keeps that promise for the whole rest of the novel. Across a hundred chapters and every catastrophe he causes, Subodhi's name never once leaves his mouth. (決不敢 keeps bù; 一字 is yí zì.)


總評 Commentary

Subodhi's parting injunction is one of the novel's lasting enigmas. The master who has just given Wukong everything — immortality, the elixir, the transformations, the cloud — now threatens the most extreme penalty imaginable, to 剝皮銼骨, flay his skin and file down his bones, and damn his soul to the ninefold dark forever, not for any crime but merely for naming his teacher. And the patriarch keeps his own side of it absolutely: from this moment he vanishes from the book, never to reappear across the remaining ninety-eight chapters. The teaching is given and the giver erases himself.

Why is best left open, since the novel never says, but the threads are suggestive. On the worldly level the master is simply protecting himself — 不牽帶我就罷了, "just don't drag me into it" — having foreseen (你這去,定生不良) the havoc Wukong will wreak on Heaven, and wanting no share of the karma. On a deeper level the demand enacts a Chan paradox: awakening cannot be owned, or traced back to an authority, or produced as a credential; the disciple has to carry it as his own (只說是我自家會的) and leave the teacher behind. The very name 菩提 is bodhi, awakening itself — and what the patriarch insists on is that it not harden into a lineage, a school, a thing possessed.

Around this strange severity the scene keeps a real tenderness. Wukong weeps; he does not want to go; he protests that the master's deep kindness is still unrepaid — and the master brushes the gratitude aside almost harshly (那裡甚麼恩義, "what kindness or obligation?"). The coldness may itself be a mercy, a clean cut of the tie so the disciple can stand on his own. And the practical fact surfaces too: Wukong has been gone twenty years, and the thought of his old children and grandchildren turns him, and the chapter, back toward the Mountain of Flowers and Fruit and home.