Canonical Classics ← 第二回
第二回
悟wù徹chè菩pú提tí真zhēn妙miào理lǐ
斷duàn魔mó歸guī本běn合hé元yuán神shén

Wukong Fully Comprehends the True Mystery of Bodhi · Severing the Demon, Returning to the Root, Uniting the Primal Spirit

賣弄取禍
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

賣弄取禍 Showing Off Invites Disaster

祖zǔ師shī急jí拽zhuài杖zhàng出chū門mén來lái問wèn道dào:「是shì何hé人rén在zài此cǐ喧xuān嘩huá?」大dà眾zhòng聞wén呼hū,慌huāng忙máng檢jiǎn束shù,整zhěng衣yī向xiàng前qián。悟wù空kōng也yě現xiàn了le本běn相xiàng,雜zá在zài叢cóng中zhōng道dào:「啟qǐ上shàng尊zūn師shī:我wǒ等děng在zài此cǐ會huì講jiǎng,更gèng無wú外wài姓xìng喧xuān嘩huá。」祖zǔ師shī怒nù喝hè道dào:「你nǐ等děng大dà呼hū小xiǎo叫jiào,全quán不bú像xiàng個gè修xiū行xíng的de體tǐ段duàn!修xiū行xíng的de人rén,口kǒu開kāi神shén氣qì散sàn,舌shé動dòng是shì非fēi生shēng,如rú何hé在zài此cǐ嚷rǎng笑xiào?」大dà眾zhòng道dào:「不bù敢gǎn瞞mán師shī父fù,適shì才cái孫sūn悟wù空kōng演yǎn變biàn化huà耍shuǎ子zi。教jiào他tā變biàn棵kē松sōng樹shù,果guǒ然rán是shì棵kē松sōng樹shù,弟dì子zǐ們men俱jù稱chēng揚yáng喝hè采cǎi,故gù高gāo聲shēng驚jīng冒mào尊zūn師shī,望wàng乞qǐ恕shù罪zuì。」祖zǔ師shī道dào:「你nǐ等děng起qǐ去qù。」叫jiào:「悟wù空kōng過guò來lái!我wǒ問wèn你nǐ弄nòng甚shèn麼me精jīng神shen,變biàn甚shèn麼me松sōng樹shù?這zhè個gè工gōng夫fu,可kě好hǎo在zài人rén前qián賣mài弄nòng?假jiǎ如rú你nǐ見jiàn別bié人rén有yǒu,不bú要yào求qiú他tā?別bié人rén見jiàn你nǐ有yǒu,必bì然rán求qiú你nǐ。你nǐ若ruò畏wèi禍huò,卻què要yào傳chuán他tā;若ruò不bù傳chuán他tā,必bì然rán加jiā害hài:你nǐ之zhī性xìng命mìng又yòu不bù可kě保bǎo。」悟wù空kōng叩kòu頭tóu道dào:「只zhǐ望wàng師shī父fù恕shù罪zuì。」祖zǔ師shī道dào:「我wǒ也yě不bú罪zuì你nǐ,但dàn只zhǐ是shì你nǐ去qù罷ba。」祖zǔ师shī急jí拽zhuài杖zhàng出chū门mén来lái问wèn道dào:「是shì何hé人rén在zài此cǐ喧xuān哗huá?」大dà众zhòng闻wén呼hū,慌huāng忙máng检jiǎn束shù,整zhěng衣yī向xiàng前qián。悟wù空kōng也yě现xiàn了le本běn相xiàng,杂zá在zài丛cóng中zhōng道dào:「启qǐ上shàng尊zūn师shī:我wǒ等děng在zài此cǐ会huì讲jiǎng,更gèng无wú外wài姓xìng喧xuān哗huá。」祖zǔ师shī怒nù喝hè道dào:「你nǐ等děng大dà呼hū小xiǎo叫jiào,全quán不bú像xiàng个gè修xiū行xíng的de体tǐ段duàn!修xiū行xíng的de人rén,口kǒu开kāi神shén气qì散sàn,舌shé动dòng是shì非fēi生shēng,如rú何hé在zài此cǐ嚷rǎng笑xiào?」大dà众zhòng道dào:「不bù敢gǎn瞒mán师shī父fù,适shì才cái孙sūn悟wù空kōng演yǎn变biàn化huà耍shuǎ子zi。教jiào他tā变biàn棵kē松sōng树shù,果guǒ然rán是shì棵kē松sōng树shù,弟dì子zǐ们men俱jù称chēng扬yáng喝hè采cǎi,故gù高gāo声shēng惊jīng冒mào尊zūn师shī,望wàng乞qǐ恕shù罪zuì。」祖zǔ师shī道dào:「你nǐ等děng起qǐ去qù。」叫jiào:「悟wù空kōng过guò来lái!我wǒ问wèn你nǐ弄nòng甚shèn么me精jīng神shen,变biàn甚shèn么me松sōng树shù?这zhè个gè工gōng夫fu,可kě好hǎo在zài人rén前qián卖mài弄nòng?假jiǎ如rú你nǐ见jiàn别bié人rén有yǒu,不bú要yào求qiú他tā?别bié人rén见jiàn你nǐ有yǒu,必bì然rán求qiú你nǐ。你nǐ若ruò畏wèi祸huò,却què要yào传chuán他tā;若ruò不bù传chuán他tā,必bì然rán加jiā害hài:你nǐ之zhī性xìng命mìng又yòu不bù可kě保bǎo。」悟wù空kōng叩kòu头tóu道dào:「只zhǐ望wàng师shī父fù恕shù罪zuì。」祖zǔ师shī道dào:「我wǒ也yě不bú罪zuì你nǐ,但dàn只zhǐ是shì你nǐ去qù罢ba。」


逐句解 Line by line

祖zǔ師shī急jí拽zhuài杖zhàng出chū門mén來lái問wèn道dào:「是shì何hé人rén在zài此cǐ喧xuān嘩huá?」 祖zǔ师shī急jí拽zhuài杖zhàng出chū门mén来lái问wèn道dào:「是shì何hé人rén在zài此cǐ喧xuān哗huá?」

The Patriarch came hurrying out the door, dragging his staff, and demanded: "Who is making this clamor here?"

拽杖 (zhuài zhàng) is dragging his staff — he has come out in a hurry and not fully composed. 拽 is zhuài, to drag, not yè or zhuāi. 喧嘩 (xuān huá) is clamour, din.

大dà眾zhòng聞wén呼hū,慌huāng忙máng檢jiǎn束shù,整zhěng衣yī向xiàng前qián。 大dà众zhòng闻wén呼hū,慌huāng忙máng检jiǎn束shù,整zhěng衣yī向xiàng前qián。

At the shout the others hastily composed themselves, straightened their robes, and came forward.

檢束 (jiǎn shù) is to pull yourself together, to rein yourself in, and 整衣 is straightening the robes — the same gesture Wukong made at this master's threshold in the previous chapter. Everybody present knows what that tone of shout means.

悟wù空kōng也yě現xiàn了le本běn相xiàng,雜zá在zài叢cóng中zhōng道dào:「啟qǐ上shàng尊zūn師shī:我wǒ等děng在zài此cǐ會huì講jiǎng,更gèng無wú外wài姓xìng喧xuān嘩huá。」 悟wù空kōng也yě现xiàn了le本běn相xiàng,杂zá在zài丛cóng中zhōng道dào:「启qǐ上shàng尊zūn师shī:我wǒ等děng在zài此cǐ会huì讲jiǎng,更gèng无wú外wài姓xìng喧xuān哗huá。」

Wukong too reverted to his true form and, mingling with the crowd, said: "We report to the venerable master: we were discoursing here, with no outsiders making any clamor."

He turns back into himself and hides in the crowd — 雜在叢中. And the answer he gives is technically true and thoroughly evasive: 更無外姓喧嘩, no outsiders have been making a noise. 外姓 means, literally, people of other surnames. 本相 is one's original form, with 相 as xiàng.

祖zǔ師shī怒nù喝hè道dào:「你nǐ等děng大dà呼hū小xiǎo叫jiào,全quán不bú像xiàng個gè修xiū行xíng的de體tǐ段duàn!修xiū行xíng的de人rén,口kǒu開kāi神shén氣qì散sàn,舌shé動dòng是shì非fēi生shēng,如rú何hé在zài此cǐ嚷rǎng笑xiào?」 祖zǔ师shī怒nù喝hè道dào:「你nǐ等děng大dà呼hū小xiǎo叫jiào,全quán不bú像xiàng个gè修xiū行xíng的de体tǐ段duàn!修xiū行xíng的de人rén,口kǒu开kāi神shén气qì散sàn,舌shé动dòng是shì非fēi生shēng,如rú何hé在zài此cǐ嚷rǎng笑xiào?」

The Patriarch shouted in anger: "All this shouting and yelling — it is not at all the bearing of those in cultivation! For the cultivator, when the mouth opens the spirit-breath scatters, and when the tongue stirs disputes are born. How can you be clamoring and laughing here?"

The rebuke, and at its centre is the line that gives the chapter its second title: 口開神氣散,舌動是非生 — open the mouth and the spirit-breath scatters; stir the tongue and right-and-wrong is born. It is a maxim of sealed, silent cultivation, the exact counterpart of the elixir poem's 謹固牢藏, guard it close and let nothing leak. Talking spends what the whole discipline exists to save. 體段 is bearing or manner; 喝 is hè, to shout, not hē, to drink; 散 is sàn, to scatter, not sǎn, scattered or loose. (全不像 takes bú.)

大dà眾zhòng道dào:「不bù敢gǎn瞞mán師shī父fù,適shì才cái孫sūn悟wù空kōng演yǎn變biàn化huà耍shuǎ子zi。教jiào他tā變biàn棵kē松sōng樹shù,果guǒ然rán是shì棵kē松sōng樹shù,弟dì子zǐ們men俱jù稱chēng揚yáng喝hè采cǎi,故gù高gāo聲shēng驚jīng冒mào尊zūn師shī,望wàng乞qǐ恕shù罪zuì。」 大dà众zhòng道dào:「不bù敢gǎn瞒mán师shī父fù,适shì才cái孙sūn悟wù空kōng演yǎn变biàn化huà耍shuǎ子zi。教jiào他tā变biàn棵kē松sōng树shù,果guǒ然rán是shì棵kē松sōng树shù,弟dì子zǐ们men俱jù称chēng扬yáng喝hè采cǎi,故gù高gāo声shēng惊jīng冒mào尊zūn师shī,望wàng乞qǐ恕shù罪zuì。」

The others said: "We dare not deceive the master — just now Sun Wukong was performing transformations for sport. We had him turn into a pine tree, and indeed he became a pine tree; we disciples all praised and applauded, and so our loud voices startled and affronted you. We beg forgiveness."

And they give him up at once, in detail, using his full name. 適才 is just now; 耍子 is for sport (子 neutral zi); 教他 takes 教 as the causative jiào, "we had him"; 喝采 is to applaud, with 喝 again hè; 驚冒 is to startle and affront. To their credit they volunteer that the request was theirs — and it makes no difference at all to what happens next. (不敢 keeps bù.)

祖zǔ師shī道dào:「你nǐ等děng起qǐ去qù。」 祖zǔ师shī道dào:「你nǐ等děng起qǐ去qù。」

The Patriarch said: "The rest of you, get up and go."

Four words, and the rest of the school is dismissed. What follows is between two people.

叫jiào:「悟wù空kōng過guò來lái!我wǒ問wèn你nǐ弄nòng甚shèn麼me精jīng神shen,變biàn甚shèn麼me松sōng樹shù?這zhè個gè工gōng夫fu,可kě好hǎo在zài人rén前qián賣mài弄nòng? 叫jiào:「悟wù空kōng过guò来lái!我wǒ问wèn你nǐ弄nòng甚shèn么me精jīng神shen,变biàn甚shèn么me松sōng树shù?这zhè个gè工gōng夫fu,可kě好hǎo在zài人rén前qián卖mài弄nòng?

He called: "Wukong, come here! I ask you — what spirit were you playing at, transforming into what pine tree? Is this skill a thing to be paraded before others?"

賣弄 again — the word the narrator used when the trick began, now in the master's mouth as an accusation. 工夫 (gōng fu) is skill or accomplishment, the same word that gives English "kung fu." 可好… is rhetorical: is this a thing to be paraded in front of people?

假jiǎ如rú你nǐ見jiàn別bié人rén有yǒu,不bú要yào求qiú他tā?別bié人rén見jiàn你nǐ有yǒu,必bì然rán求qiú你nǐ。 假jiǎ如rú你nǐ见jiàn别bié人rén有yǒu,不bú要yào求qiú他tā?别bié人rén见jiàn你nǐ有yǒu,必bì然rán求qiú你nǐ。

"Suppose you saw another had it — would you not beg it of him? And another, seeing you have it, will surely beg it of you."

And here the rebuke turns from doctrine to something a great deal more worldly. Suppose you saw somebody else with this — wouldn't you ask him for it? Then somebody will ask you. The master has stopped talking about spiritual discipline. He is talking about what other people do when they see what you can do. (不要 takes bú before the falling tone of 要.)

你nǐ若ruò畏wèi禍huò,卻què要yào傳chuán他tā;若ruò不bù傳chuán他tā,必bì然rán加jiā害hài:你nǐ之zhī性xìng命mìng又yòu不bù可kě保bǎo。」 你nǐ若ruò畏wèi祸huò,却què要yào传chuán他tā;若ruò不bù传chuán他tā,必bì然rán加jiā害hài:你nǐ之zhī性xìng命mìng又yòu不bù可kě保bǎo。」

"If you fear the trouble, you will have to teach him; and if you do not teach him, he will surely do you harm — and then your own life cannot be kept safe."

The trap set out in full. Afraid of the trouble, so you teach him — and you have armed a rival. Refuse, and he comes for you. 你之性命又不可保: either way your life is not safe. This is shrewd, cold counsel about conspicuous talent, and it has nothing to do with religion at all. (若不傳 keeps bù before the rising tone of 傳; 不可 keeps bù before the third tone of 可.)

悟wù空kōng叩kòu頭tóu道dào:「只zhǐ望wàng師shī父fù恕shù罪zuì。」 悟wù空kōng叩kòu头tóu道dào:「只zhǐ望wàng师shī父fù恕shù罪zuì。」

Wukong kowtowed: "I only beg the master's forgiveness."

Six words. He does not argue this time.

祖zǔ師shī道dào:「我wǒ也yě不bú罪zuì你nǐ,但dàn只zhǐ是shì你nǐ去qù罷ba。」 祖zǔ师shī道dào:「我wǒ也yě不bú罪zuì你nǐ,但dàn只zhǐ是shì你nǐ去qù罢ba。」

The Patriarch said: "I do not blame you — but all the same, you must go."

And the sentence, which is worse for being gentle. 我也不罪你, I don't blame you — 但只是, all the same — 你去罷, you must go. (不罪 takes bú before the falling tone of 罪.)


總評 Commentary

The master's logic for sending Wukong away is strikingly worldly, almost hard-headed. It is not that the transformation was wrong, but that it was shown: a visible power draws people who will demand it, and the demand becomes a trap — teach them and you have armed a rival, refuse and you invite their malice, and either way 你之性命又不可保, "your own life cannot be kept safe." This is shrewd counsel about conspicuous talent and the envy it breeds, and it is also the plot's hinge: Wukong has to leave the cloister for his real career to begin. The Patriarch's care is genuine — 我也不罪你, "I do not blame you" — but the sentence is final.

At the centre of the rebuke stands the line that gives the chapter its second half: 口開神氣散,舌動是非生 — "when the mouth opens the spirit-breath scatters; when the tongue stirs, right-and-wrong is born." It is a maxim of contained, silent cultivation, of a piece with the elixir poem's injunction to 謹固牢藏, to seal the breath in and let nothing leak. The adept's power is meant to be hoarded and invisible; Wukong's noisy display squanders exactly what the discipline was built to conserve. And there is a real pathos in the timing. He sought these transformations only to survive the calamities, mastered them in a single night, and is exiled for their first harmless, joyful use — the gift and the banishment arriving almost together. With this the apprenticeship under Subodhi ends, and the monkey, returned to his restless nature, is sent back into the world alone.