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第二回
悟wù徹chè菩pú提tí真zhēn妙miào理lǐ
斷duàn魔mó歸guī本běn合hé元yuán神shén

Wukong Fully Comprehends the True Mystery of Bodhi · Severing the Demon, Returning to the Root, Uniting the Primal Spirit

術流二門
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原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

術流二門 The Gates of Art and Stream

祖zǔ師shī道dào:「道dào字zì門mén中zhōng,有yǒu三sān百bǎi六liù十shí傍páng門mén,傍páng門mén皆jiē有yǒu正zhèng果guǒ。不bù知zhī你nǐ學xué那nǎ一yì門mén哩li?」悟wù空kōng道dào:「憑píng尊zūn師shī意yì思si,弟dì子zǐ傾qīng心xīn聽tīng從cóng。」祖zǔ師shī道dào:「我wǒ教jiāo你nǐ個gè術shù字zì門mén中zhōng之zhī道dào,如rú何hé?」悟wù空kōng道dào:「術shù門mén之zhī道dào怎zěn麼me說shuō?」祖zǔ師shī道dào:「術shù字zì門mén中zhōng,乃nǎi是shì些xiē請qǐng仙xiān扶fú鸞luán,問wèn卜bǔ揲shé蓍shī,能néng知zhī趨qū吉jí避bì凶xiōng之zhī理lǐ。」悟wù空kōng道dào:「似sì這zhè般bān可kě得dé長cháng生shēng麼me?」祖zǔ師shī道dào:「不bù能néng不bù能néng。」悟wù空kōng道dào:「不bù學xué不bù學xué。」祖zǔ師shī又yòu道dào:「教jiāo你nǐ流liú字zì門mén中zhōng之zhī道dào,如rú何hé?」悟wù空kōng又yòu問wèn:「流liú字zì門mén中zhōng是shì甚shèn義yì理lǐ?」祖zǔ師shī道dào:「流liú字zì門mén中zhōng,乃nǎi是shì儒rú家jiā、釋shì家jiā、道dào家jiā、陰yīn陽yáng家jiā、墨mò家jiā、醫yī家jiā,或huò看kàn經jīng,或huò念niàn佛fó,並bìng朝cháo真zhēn降jiàng聖shèng之zhī類lèi。」悟wù空kōng道dào:「似sì這zhè般bān可kě得dé長cháng生shēng麼me?」祖zǔ師shī道dào:「若ruò要yào長cháng生shēng,也yě似sì壁bì裡lǐ安ān柱zhù。」悟wù空kōng道dào:「師shī父fù,我wǒ是shì個gè老lǎo實shí人rén,不bù曉xiǎo得dé打dǎ市shì語yǔ,怎zěn麼me謂wèi之zhī壁bì裡lǐ安ān柱zhù?」祖zǔ師shī道dào:「人rén家jiā蓋gài房fáng,欲yù圖tú堅jiān固gù,將jiāng牆qiáng壁bì之zhī間jiān立lì一yì頂dǐng柱zhù,有yǒu日rì大dà廈shà將jiāng頹tuí,他tā必bì朽xiǔ矣yǐ。」悟wù空kōng道dào:「據jù此cǐ說shuō,也yě不bù長cháng久jiǔ。不bù學xué不bù學xué。」祖zǔ师shī道dào:「道dào字zì门mén中zhōng,有yǒu三sān百bǎi六liù十shí傍páng门mén,傍páng门mén皆jiē有yǒu正zhèng果guǒ。不bù知zhī你nǐ学xué那nǎ一yì门mén哩li?」悟wù空kōng道dào:「凭píng尊zūn师shī意yì思si,弟dì子zǐ倾qīng心xīn听tīng从cóng。」祖zǔ师shī道dào:「我wǒ教jiāo你nǐ个gè术shù字zì门mén中zhōng之zhī道dào,如rú何hé?」悟wù空kōng道dào:「术shù门mén之zhī道dào怎zěn么me说shuō?」祖zǔ师shī道dào:「术shù字zì门mén中zhōng,乃nǎi是shì些xiē请qǐng仙xiān扶fú鸾luán,问wèn卜bǔ揲shé蓍shī,能néng知zhī趋qū吉jí避bì凶xiōng之zhī理lǐ。」悟wù空kōng道dào:「似sì这zhè般bān可kě得dé长cháng生shēng么me?」祖zǔ师shī道dào:「不bù能néng不bù能néng。」悟wù空kōng道dào:「不bù学xué不bù学xué。」祖zǔ师shī又yòu道dào:「教jiāo你nǐ流liú字zì门mén中zhōng之zhī道dào,如rú何hé?」悟wù空kōng又yòu问wèn:「流liú字zì门mén中zhōng是shì甚shèn义yì理lǐ?」祖zǔ师shī道dào:「流liú字zì门mén中zhōng,乃nǎi是shì儒rú家jiā、释shì家jiā、道dào家jiā、阴yīn阳yáng家jiā、墨mò家jiā、医yī家jiā,或huò看kàn经jīng,或huò念niàn佛fó,并bìng朝cháo真zhēn降jiàng圣shèng之zhī类lèi。」悟wù空kōng道dào:「似sì这zhè般bān可kě得dé长cháng生shēng么me?」祖zǔ师shī道dào:「若ruò要yào长cháng生shēng,也yě似sì壁bì里lǐ安ān柱zhù。」悟wù空kōng道dào:「师shī父fù,我wǒ是shì个gè老lǎo实shí人rén,不bù晓xiǎo得dé打dǎ市shì语yǔ,怎zěn么me谓wèi之zhī壁bì里lǐ安ān柱zhù?」祖zǔ师shī道dào:「人rén家jiā盖gài房fáng,欲yù图tú坚jiān固gù,将jiāng墙qiáng壁bì之zhī间jiān立lì一yì顶dǐng柱zhù,有yǒu日rì大dà厦shà将jiāng颓tuí,他tā必bì朽xiǔ矣yǐ。」悟wù空kōng道dào:「据jù此cǐ说shuō,也yě不bù长cháng久jiǔ。不bù学xué不bù学xué。」


逐句解 Line by line

祖zǔ師shī道dào:「道dào字zì門mén中zhōng,有yǒu三sān百bǎi六liù十shí傍páng門mén,傍páng門mén皆jiē有yǒu正zhèng果guǒ。不bù知zhī你nǐ學xué那nǎ一yì門mén哩li?」 祖zǔ师shī道dào:「道dào字zì门mén中zhōng,有yǒu三sān百bǎi六liù十shí傍páng门mén,傍páng门mén皆jiē有yǒu正zhèng果guǒ。不bù知zhī你nǐ学xué那nǎ一yì门mén哩li?」

The Patriarch said: "Within the gate of the Way there are three hundred and sixty side-disciplines, and every one of them can bear its proper fruit. I wonder which of them you wish to study?"

The master opens the menu. 傍門 (= 旁門) are the "side-gates," the secondary branches set against the orthodox road to the golden elixir; the novel uses both characters, and 傍 reads páng. 三百六十 is a round number — the degrees of a circle, the days of a year — meaning simply "every sort there is." 正果, "the true fruit," is a Buddhist term for legitimate attainment, and note that he grants it to all of them: every side-gate bears real fruit. 那 here is nǎ, the interrogative "which" — the 世德堂本 writes the undifferentiated 那, later split off as 哪 — not nà, "that." (那一門 takes 一 as yì before the rising tone of 門; 不知 keeps bù.)

悟wù空kōng道dào:「憑píng尊zūn師shī意yì思si,弟dì子zǐ傾qīng心xīn聽tīng從cóng。」 悟wù空kōng道dào:「凭píng尊zūn师shī意yì思si,弟dì子zǐ倾qīng心xīn听tīng从cóng。」

Wukong said: "I leave it to my honored master's judgment; your disciple will follow with a whole heart."

意思 is yì si with 思 neutral, "intention," not the full-tone sī, to think. 傾心 is to tip the whole heart toward something. He sounds entirely agreeable — for exactly one more line.

祖zǔ師shī道dào:「我wǒ教jiāo你nǐ個gè術shù字zì門mén中zhōng之zhī道dào,如rú何hé?」 祖zǔ师shī道dào:「我wǒ教jiāo你nǐ个gè术shù字zì门mén中zhōng之zhī道dào,如rú何hé?」

The Patriarch said: "Suppose I teach you the Way within the gate of 'Art' — how would that be?"

術字門, the gate of 術, Art or Technique, is the first of four branches on offer, and it covers the occult and divinatory arts. 教 is the verb jiāo, to teach, as in the opening passage; 個 is a loosely thrown-in measure word.

悟wù空kōng道dào:「術shù門mén之zhī道dào怎zěn麼me說shuō?」 悟wù空kōng道dào:「术shù门mén之zhī道dào怎zěn么me说shuō?」

Wukong said: "What does the Way of the Art-gate amount to?"

怎麼說 — how is it described, what does it come to? He wants the specification before committing, and he will ask for it four times.

祖zǔ師shī道dào:「術shù字zì門mén中zhōng,乃nǎi是shì些xiē請qǐng仙xiān扶fú鸞luán,問wèn卜bǔ揲shé蓍shī,能néng知zhī趨qū吉jí避bì凶xiōng之zhī理lǐ。」 祖zǔ师shī道dào:「术shù字zì门mén中zhōng,乃nǎi是shì些xiē请qǐng仙xiān扶fú鸾luán,问wèn卜bǔ揲shé蓍shī,能néng知zhī趋qū吉jí避bì凶xiōng之zhī理lǐ。」

The Patriarch said: "The gate of Art is such things as summoning immortals and working the planchette, consulting oracles and casting the milfoil stalks — the art of knowing how to pursue good fortune and avoid disaster."

The catalogue is fortune-telling entire. 請仙扶鸞 (qǐng xiān fú luán) is spirit-writing: a suspended stylus — named for the 鸞, a phoenix-like bird — traces characters in a tray of sand while a summoned spirit guides the hand. A Ouija board with better calligraphy. 問卜揲蓍 (wèn bǔ shé shī) is the older and more respectable branch: 卜 is divination, and 揲蓍 is counting out yarrow stalks (蓍 shī) to cast a hexagram from the 《易經》, with 揲 read shé. 趨吉避凶 is to hurry toward good fortune and dodge disaster.

悟wù空kōng道dào:「似sì這zhè般bān可kě得dé長cháng生shēng麼me?」 悟wù空kōng道dào:「似sì这zhè般bān可kě得dé长cháng生shēng么me?」

Wukong said: "Can one obtain long life by such means?"

Here is the test he will put to everything. 似這般 is "in this manner" (似 sì, like). 得 is the full-tone dé, to obtain, not the toneless de; 長 is cháng, so 長生 is long life, not zhǎng, to grow; 麼 is me, the little word that turns the sentence into a question. One question, asked four times, and nothing else in the world interests him.

祖zǔ師shī道dào:「不bù能néng不bù能néng。」 祖zǔ师shī道dào:「不bù能néng不bù能néng。」

The Patriarch said: "You cannot, you cannot."

Flat, and doubled. (不能 keeps 不 as bù before the rising tone of 能.)

悟wù空kōng道dào:「不bù學xué不bù學xué。」 悟wù空kōng道dào:「不bù学xué不bù学xué。」

Wukong said: "Then I won't learn it, I won't learn it."

The matching double refusal, four characters answering four. He does not argue, and he does not ask what else the art might be good for. (不學 keeps bù before the rising tone of 學.)

祖zǔ師shī又yòu道dào:「教jiāo你nǐ流liú字zì門mén中zhōng之zhī道dào,如rú何hé?」 祖zǔ师shī又yòu道dào:「教jiāo你nǐ流liú字zì门mén中zhōng之zhī道dào,如rú何hé?」

The Patriarch went on: "Suppose I teach you the Way within the gate of 'Stream' — how would that be?"

流字門, the gate of 流, Stream or Current, is the second branch, and it covers doctrine and devotion. 又道 is "went on to say."

悟wù空kōng又yòu問wèn:「流liú字zì門mén中zhōng是shì甚shèn義yì理lǐ?」 悟wù空kōng又yòu问wèn:「流liú字zì门mén中zhōng是shì甚shèn义yì理lǐ?」

Wukong again asked: "And what is the substance of the Stream-gate?"

是甚義理 — what is its substance, its rationale? 甚 is shèn, "what." (Some editions read 是甚意思.)

祖zǔ師shī道dào:「流liú字zì門mén中zhōng,乃nǎi是shì儒rú家jiā、釋shì家jiā、道dào家jiā、陰yīn陽yáng家jiā、墨mò家jiā、醫yī家jiā,或huò看kàn經jīng,或huò念niàn佛fó,並bìng朝cháo真zhēn降jiàng聖shèng之zhī類lèi。」 祖zǔ师shī道dào:「流liú字zì门mén中zhōng,乃nǎi是shì儒rú家jiā、释shì家jiā、道dào家jiā、阴yīn阳yáng家jiā、墨mò家jiā、医yī家jiā,或huò看kàn经jīng,或huò念niàn佛fó,并bìng朝cháo真zhēn降jiàng圣shèng之zhī类lèi。」

The Patriarch said: "The gate of Stream takes in the Confucians, the Buddhists, the Daoists, the Yin-Yang school, the Mohists, and the physicians — reading scriptures or reciting the Buddha's name, and the like of paying court to the Perfected and summoning down the saints."

This is a roll-call of the 諸子百家, the classical hundred schools: 儒 Confucian, 釋 Buddhist (shì, from 釋迦, Śākya), 道 Daoist, 陰陽 the Yin-Yang cosmologists, 墨 the Mohists, 醫 the physicians. Then the practices: reading scripture, reciting the Buddha's name, and 朝真降聖 (cháo zhēn jiàng shèng), paying court to the Perfected and calling down the saints — liturgy. Notice the scale of what is about to be waved away. 朝 is cháo, to attend upon, not zhāo, morning; 降 is jiàng, to bring down, not xiáng, to surrender.

悟wù空kōng道dào:「似sì這zhè般bān可kě得dé長cháng生shēng麼me?」 悟wù空kōng道dào:「似sì这zhè般bān可kě得dé长cháng生shēng么me?」

Wukong said: "Can one obtain long life by such means?"

The refrain, word for word, for the second gate. (得 is dé; 長 is cháng.)

祖zǔ師shī道dào:「若ruò要yào長cháng生shēng,也yě似sì壁bì裡lǐ安ān柱zhù。」 祖zǔ师shī道dào:「若ruò要yào长cháng生shēng,也yě似sì壁bì里lǐ安ān柱zhù。」

The Patriarch said: "If it is long life you want, that would be like setting a pillar inside a wall."

壁裡安柱 (bì lǐ ān zhù), setting a pillar inside a wall — a piece of builder's slang, which the next line will have to unpack. 裡 is the 世德堂本 form, where some editions print 裏.

悟wù空kōng道dào:「師shī父fù,我wǒ是shì個gè老lǎo實shí人rén,不bù曉xiǎo得dé打dǎ市shì語yǔ,怎zěn麼me謂wèi之zhī壁bì裡lǐ安ān柱zhù?」 悟wù空kōng道dào:「师shī父fù,我wǒ是shì个gè老lǎo实shí人rén,不bù晓xiǎo得dé打dǎ市shì语yǔ,怎zěn么me谓wèi之zhī壁bì里lǐ安ān柱zhù?」

Wukong said: "Master, I am a plain, honest fellow and do not follow your trade-cant. What do you mean by 'setting a pillar inside a wall'?"

打市語 (dǎ shì yǔ) is to talk in market-argot, trade cant — and the monkey's protest that he is an 老實人, a plain honest fellow who can't follow it, is a small masterpiece of needling. He follows it perfectly well. He simply wants the master to say it straight. 曉得 takes 得 as the neutral de. (不曉得 keeps bù before the third tone of 曉.)

祖zǔ師shī道dào:「人rén家jiā蓋gài房fáng,欲yù圖tú堅jiān固gù,將jiāng牆qiáng壁bì之zhī間jiān立lì一yì頂dǐng柱zhù,有yǒu日rì大dà廈shà將jiāng頹tuí,他tā必bì朽xiǔ矣yǐ。」 祖zǔ师shī道dào:「人rén家jiā盖gài房fáng,欲yù图tú坚jiān固gù,将jiāng墙qiáng壁bì之zhī间jiān立lì一yì顶dǐng柱zhù,有yǒu日rì大dà厦shà将jiāng颓tuí,他tā必bì朽xiǔ矣yǐ。」

The Patriarch said: "When people build a house and want it to stand firm, they set a supporting pillar within the wall; but the day the great hall is about to topple, that pillar is sure to have rotted away."

The figure unpacked. A builder who wants a house to stand firm mortars a supporting post inside the wall — and on the day the 大廈 (dà shà, a great hall; 廈 is shà, not xià as in 廈門, Xiamen) finally leans over, that hidden post turns out to have rotted through long ago (朽 xiǔ). Conventional piety, the master is saying, has no body of its own; it stands exactly as long as the perishable frame around it. Note the two lives of 將 in one sentence: first jiāng marking the thing handled, "take the post and set it," then jiāng again meaning "about to." (立一頂柱 takes 一 as yì before the third tone of 頂.)

悟wù空kōng道dào:「據jù此cǐ說shuō,也yě不bù長cháng久jiǔ。不bù學xué不bù學xué。」 悟wù空kōng道dào:「据jù此cǐ说shuō,也yě不bù长cháng久jiǔ。不bù学xué不bù学xué。」

Wukong said: "By that account it does not last either. I won't learn it, I won't learn it."

據此說, going by that account. 長久 is cháng jiǔ, lasting. And the double refusal again — he has now turned down divination and the entire intellectual heritage of China inside a dozen lines. (也不長久 keeps bù before the rising tone of 長; 不學 the same.)


總評 Commentary

This is the novel's celebrated "menu of the Way." The master lays out the branches of practice one gate at a time, and each time Wukong applies the same single test — 可得長生麼, can one gain long life by it? — and on a No, refuses flat. The four gates he is offered (術 and 流 here, 靜 and 動 next) between them make a compact map of Chinese religion and learning: divination and the occult arts under 術; under 流, the whole spread of the 諸子百家 — Confucians, Buddhists, Daoists, Yin-Yang cosmologists, Mohists, physicians — together with scripture-reading, Buddha-recitation and liturgical court-paying. It is a great deal to turn down in a dozen lines.

The inner-alchemy commentators read the scene as doctrine. Every one of these is a 旁門, a side-door: respectable, productive on its own terms — the master is careful to say 傍門皆有正果, each bears its proper fruit — but none yields the one thing the adept of the golden elixir is after. The dismissal of the Stream gate is the sharpest stroke. He likens doctrine and devotion to 壁裡安柱, a post mortared inside a wall: it looks like solid support, and when the great hall finally leans, the post is found to have rotted away years before. Conventional piety, in that image, has no enduring body of its own. It stands exactly as long as the perishable thing around it.

Read as character rather than catechism, the passage is pure Wukong. His test never varies, and his refusals come in flat childish pairs — 不學,不學 — yet that bluntness is also a kind of clear sight: he will not be fobbed off with anything short of what drove him across two oceans. The comedy sharpens when he pretends not to follow the master's figurative talk — 我是個老實人,不曉得打市語, "I'm a plain man, I don't follow your trade-cant" — and so forces the Patriarch to spell the builder's metaphor out in words of one syllable. The teaching proceeds by elimination: clearing away every honourable side-door in turn narrows master and disciple toward the single esoteric transmission that the head-rapping riddle, only a few lines off, will finally deliver.