Canonical Classics ← 第四十八回
第四十八回
魔mó弄nòng寒hán風fēng飄piāo大dà雪xuě
僧sēng思sī拜bài佛fó履lǚ層céng冰bīng

The Fiend Stirs a Cold Wind and Sends Down Great Snow · The Monk, Set on Worshipping the Buddha, Treads the Layered Ice

雪洞遊賞
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition 含詞賦 With rhapsody

雪洞遊賞 Touring the Snow Grotto

此cǐ後hòu大dà雪xuě方fāng住zhù就jiù有yǒu人rén行xíng走zǒu。陳chén老lǎo見jiàn三sān藏zàng不bú快kuài,又yòu打dǎ掃sǎo花huā園yuán,大dà盆pén架jià火huǒ,請qǐng去qù雪xuě洞dòng裡lǐ閑xián耍shuǎ散sàn悶mèn。八bā戒jiè笑xiào道dào:「那nà老lǎo兒ér忒tè沒méi算suàn計jì。春chūn二èr三sān月yuè好hǎo賞shǎng花huā園yuán,這zhè等děng大dà雪xuě,又yòu冷lěng,賞shǎng玩wán何hé物wù?」行xíng者zhě道dào:「獃dāi子zi不bù知zhī事shì。雪xuě景jǐng自zì然rán幽yōu靜jìng:一yì則zé遊yóu賞shǎng,二èr來lái與yǔ師shī父fù寬kuān懷huái。」陳chén老lǎo道dào:「正zhèng是shì,正zhèng是shì。」遂suì此cǐ邀yāo請qǐng到dào園yuán。但dàn見jiàn:此cǐ后hòu大dà雪xuě方fāng住zhù就jiù有yǒu人rén行xíng走zǒu。陈chén老lǎo见jiàn三sān藏zàng不bú快kuài,又yòu打dǎ扫sǎo花huā园yuán,大dà盆pén架jià火huǒ,请qǐng去qù雪xuě洞dòng里lǐ闲xián耍shuǎ散sàn闷mèn。八bā戒jiè笑xiào道dào:「那nà老lǎo儿ér忒tè没méi算suàn计jì。春chūn二èr三sān月yuè好hǎo赏shǎng花huā园yuán,这zhè等děng大dà雪xuě,又yòu冷lěng,赏shǎng玩wán何hé物wù?」行xíng者zhě道dào:「呆dāi子zi不bù知zhī事shì。雪xuě景jǐng自zì然rán幽yōu静jìng:一yì则zé游yóu赏shǎng,二èr来lái与yǔ师shī父fù宽kuān怀huái。」陈chén老lǎo道dào:「正zhèng是shì,正zhèng是shì。」遂suì此cǐ邀yāo请qǐng到dào园yuán。但dàn见jiàn:

景jǐng值zhí三sān秋qiū,風fēng光guāng如rú臘là。景jǐng值zhí三sān秋qiū,风fēng光guāng如rú腊là。
蒼cāng松sōng結jié玉yù蕊ruǐ,衰shuāi柳liǔ掛guà銀yín花huā。苍cāng松sōng结jié玉yù蕊ruǐ,衰shuāi柳liǔ挂guà银yín花huā。
階jiē下xià玉yù苔tái堆duī粉fěn屑xiè,窗chuāng前qián翠cuì竹zhú吐tǔ瓊qióng芽yá。阶jiē下xià玉yù苔tái堆duī粉fěn屑xiè,窗chuāng前qián翠cuì竹zhú吐tǔ琼qióng芽yá。
巧qiǎo石shí山shān頭tóu,養yǎng魚yú池chí內nèi。巧qiǎo石shí山shān头tóu,养yǎng鱼yú池chí内nèi。
巧qiǎo石shí山shān頭tóu,削xuē削xuē尖jiān峰fēng排pái玉yù筍sǔn;巧qiǎo石shí山shān头tóu,削xuē削xuē尖jiān峰fēng排pái玉yù笋sǔn;
養yǎng魚yú池chí內nèi,清qīng清qīng活huó水shuǐ作zuò冰bīng盤pán。养yǎng鱼yú池chí内nèi,清qīng清qīng活huó水shuǐ作zuò冰bīng盘pán。
臨lín岸àn芙fú蓉róng嬌jiāo色sè淺qiǎn,傍páng崖yá木mù槿jǐn嫩nèn枝zhī垂chuí。临lín岸àn芙fú蓉róng娇jiāo色sè浅qiǎn,傍páng崖yá木mù槿jǐn嫩nèn枝zhī垂chuí。
秋qiū海hǎi棠táng,全quán然rán壓yā倒dǎo;秋qiū海hǎi棠táng,全quán然rán压yā倒dǎo;
臘là梅méi樹shù,聊liáo發fā新xīn枝zhī。腊là梅méi树shù,聊liáo发fā新xīn枝zhī。
牡mǔ丹dān亭tíng、海hǎi榴liú亭tíng、丹dān桂guì亭tíng,亭tíng亭tíng盡jìn鵝é毛máo堆duī積jī;牡mǔ丹dān亭tíng、海hǎi榴liú亭tíng、丹dān桂guì亭tíng,亭tíng亭tíng尽jìn鹅é毛máo堆duī积jī;
放fàng懷huái處chù、款kuǎn客kè處chù、遣qiǎn興xìng處chù,處chù處chù皆jiē蝶dié翅chì鋪pū漫màn。放fàng怀huái处chù、款kuǎn客kè处chù、遣qiǎn兴xìng处chù,处chù处chù皆jiē蝶dié翅chì铺pū漫màn。
兩liǎng籬lí黃huáng菊jú玉yù綃xiāo金jīn,幾jǐ樹shù丹dān楓fēng紅hóng間jiàn白bái。两liǎng篱lí黄huáng菊jú玉yù绡xiāo金jīn,几jǐ树shù丹dān枫fēng红hóng间jiàn白bái。
無wú數shù閑xián庭tíng冷lěng難nán到dào,且qiě觀guān雪xuě洞dòng冷lěng如rú冰bīng。无wú数shù闲xián庭tíng冷lěng难nán到dào,且qiě观guān雪xuě洞dòng冷lěng如rú冰bīng。
那nà裡lǐ邊biān放fàng一yí個gè獸shòu面miàn象xiàng足zú銅tóng火huǒ盆pén,熱rè烘hōng烘hōng炭tàn火huǒ才cái生shēng;那nà里lǐ边biān放fàng一yí个gè兽shòu面miàn象xiàng足zú铜tóng火huǒ盆pén,热rè烘hōng烘hōng炭tàn火huǒ才cái生shēng;
上shàng下xià有yǒu幾jǐ張zhāng虎hǔ皮pí搭dā苫shān漆qī交jiāo椅yǐ,軟ruǎn溫wēn溫wēn紙zhǐ窗chuāng鋪pū設shè。上shàng下xià有yǒu几jǐ张zhāng虎hǔ皮pí搭dā苫shān漆qī交jiāo椅yǐ,软ruǎn温wēn温wēn纸zhǐ窗chuāng铺pū设shè。

逐句解 Line by line

此cǐ後hòu大dà雪xuě方fāng住zhù就jiù有yǒu人rén行xíng走zǒu。 此cǐ后hòu大dà雪xuě方fāng住zhù就jiù有yǒu人rén行xíng走zǒu。

After this the great snow at last held off, and people began to go about.

行走: 行 is xíng. Those "people going about" are the Dame's transformed water-creatures, and the narrator reports them in the same flat voice he would use for real traffic. Nobody is told. The reader is simply expected to remember.

陳chén老lǎo見jiàn三sān藏zàng不bú快kuài,又yòu打dǎ掃sǎo花huā園yuán,大dà盆pén架jià火huǒ,請qǐng去qù雪xuě洞dòng裡lǐ閑xián耍shuǎ散sàn悶mèn。 陈chén老lǎo见jiàn三sān藏zàng不bú快kuài,又yòu打dǎ扫sǎo花huā园yuán,大dà盆pén架jià火huǒ,请qǐng去qù雪xuě洞dòng里lǐ闲xián耍shuǎ散sàn闷mèn。

Old Chen, seeing Tripitaka out of spirits, had the flower garden swept and a great basin banked with fire, and invited them into the snow grotto to divert themselves and shake off their gloom.

散悶: 散 is sàn, the verb "to disperse." A 雪洞, a snow grotto, is a real feature of a Ming garden — a retreat built to be sat in during winter, with the cold outside as the view.

八bā戒jiè笑xiào道dào:「那nà老lǎo兒ér忒tè沒méi算suàn計jì。 八bā戒jiè笑xiào道dào:「那nà老lǎo儿ér忒tè没méi算suàn计jì。

Eight Rules said with a laugh: 「That old fellow has no reckoning in him.

那老兒 is nà, and 兒 is ér — the full syllable that makes a person-noun in 老兒, and not the light er of 險些兒 or 那話兒 earlier in the chapter. 沒算計, no reckoning in him: no sense of what fits an occasion.

春chūn二èr三sān月yuè好hǎo賞shǎng花huā園yuán,這zhè等děng大dà雪xuě,又yòu冷lěng,賞shǎng玩wán何hé物wù?」 春chūn二èr三sān月yuè好hǎo赏shǎng花huā园yuán,这zhè等děng大dà雪xuě,又yòu冷lěng,赏shǎng玩wán何hé物wù?」

The second and third months of spring are the time for enjoying a flower garden. In a great snow like this, and cold besides, what is there to enjoy?」

The pig's objection is perfectly sound horticulture and misses the point entirely.

行xíng者zhě道dào:「獃dāi子zi不bù知zhī事shì。 行xíng者zhě道dào:「呆dāi子zi不bù知zhī事shì。

Pilgrim said: 「Idiot, you understand nothing.

獃子 ends in the light zi.

雪xuě景jǐng自zì然rán幽yōu靜jìng:一yì則zé遊yóu賞shǎng,二èr來lái與yǔ師shī父fù寬kuān懷huái。」 雪xuě景jǐng自zì然rán幽yōu静jìng:一yì则zé游yóu赏shǎng,二èr来lái与yǔ师shī父fù宽kuān怀huái。」

A snow prospect is quiet and secluded of itself: for one thing, there is the touring of it; for another, it will ease our master's mind.」

一則 keeps 一 at yì before a rising tone. Wukong offers two reasons, and the second one is the real one.

陳chén老lǎo道dào:「正zhèng是shì,正zhèng是shì。」 陈chén老lǎo道dào:「正zhèng是shì,正zhèng是shì。」

Old Chen said: 「Just so, just so.」

正是 here is plain agreement in conversation, not the tag that announces a poem — one of several places in this chapter where the same two characters mean nothing of the kind.

遂suì此cǐ邀yāo請qǐng到dào園yuán。 遂suì此cǐ邀yāo请qǐng到dào园yuán。

And so they were invited out into the garden.

遂此, "thereupon" — the hinge into the set-piece.

但dàn見jiàn: 但dàn见jiàn:

Only see:

The line announcing the poem stands on its own.

景jǐng值zhí三sān秋qiū,風fēng光guāng如rú臘là。 景jǐng值zhí三sān秋qiū,风fēng光guāng如rú腊là。

The season stands at the third month of autumn, the light of it like the last month of the year.

臘 is the twelfth month. The opening couplet states the showpiece's governing paradox: autumn wearing the face of deep winter.

蒼cāng松sōng結jié玉yù蕊ruǐ,衰shuāi柳liǔ掛guà銀yín花huā。 苍cāng松sōng结jié玉yù蕊ruǐ,衰shuāi柳liǔ挂guà银yín花huā。

The blue-green pine has knotted buds of jade; the withered willow hangs with flowers of silver.

The snow runs through this piece as jewellery and metalwork — jade, silver, jasper, gold. Watch how long it keeps that up.

階jiē下xià玉yù苔tái堆duī粉fěn屑xiè,窗chuāng前qián翠cuì竹zhú吐tǔ瓊qióng芽yá。 阶jiē下xià玉yù苔tái堆duī粉fěn屑xiè,窗chuāng前qián翠cuì竹zhú吐tǔ琼qióng芽yá。

Below the steps the jade moss heaps in powdered crumbs; before the window the kingfisher bamboo puts out shoots of jasper.

Seven-character lines now. The showpiece widens its gait after the four- and five-character opening.

巧qiǎo石shí山shān頭tóu,養yǎng魚yú池chí內nèi。 巧qiǎo石shí山shān头tóu,养yǎng鱼yú池chí内nèi。

Cunning stones at the hill's head; within the pool where fish are reared.

巧石: 石 is shí, "stone" — not the grain measure dàn out of Old Chen's granary two passages back. This is a theme statement of the same kind the snow showpiece used, and the same expansion follows it.

巧qiǎo石shí山shān頭tóu,削xuē削xuē尖jiān峰fēng排pái玉yù筍sǔn; 巧qiǎo石shí山shān头tóu,削xuē削xuē尖jiān峰fēng排pái玉yù笋sǔn;

Cunning stones at the hill's head — sheer and sharp, the pointed peaks ranged like shoots of jade;

削削, doubled: pared, sheer. The first theme is taken up and expanded.

養yǎng魚yú池chí內nèi,清qīng清qīng活huó水shuǐ作zuò冰bīng盤pán。 养yǎng鱼yú池chí内nèi,清qīng清qīng活huó水shuǐ作zuò冰bīng盘pán。

within the pool where fish are reared — clear and clear, the living water made into a platter of ice.

冰盤 returns — the same simile the novel used for the demon's fallen scales, now for a frozen fishpond. The chapter keeps passing this image back and forth between the beautiful and the dangerous.

臨lín岸àn芙fú蓉róng嬌jiāo色sè淺qiǎn,傍páng崖yá木mù槿jǐn嫩nèn枝zhī垂chuí。 临lín岸àn芙fú蓉róng娇jiāo色sè浅qiǎn,傍páng崖yá木mù槿jǐn嫩nèn枝zhī垂chuí。

By the bank the lotus wears a delicate pallor; beside the cliff the hibiscus lets its tender branches droop.

傍 is páng, "beside." Autumn flowers still in leaf under snow: the wrongness of the season kept quietly in view.

秋qiū海hǎi棠táng,全quán然rán壓yā倒dǎo; 秋qiū海hǎi棠táng,全quán然rán压yā倒dǎo;

The autumn crab-apple is altogether borne down;

壓倒: 倒 is dǎo, "toppled, borne down" — as in 壓倒東南幾樹梅 in the snow showpiece earlier.

臘là梅méi樹shù,聊liáo發fā新xīn枝zhī。 腊là梅méi树shù,聊liáo发fā新xīn枝zhī。

the winter plum ventures a few new twigs.

聊發, "to put out just a little." The winter plum is the one plant in the garden that the cold actually suits.

牡mǔ丹dān亭tíng、海hǎi榴liú亭tíng、丹dān桂guì亭tíng,亭tíng亭tíng盡jìn鵝é毛máo堆duī積jī; 牡mǔ丹dān亭tíng、海hǎi榴liú亭tíng、丹dān桂guì亭tíng,亭tíng亭tíng尽jìn鹅é毛máo堆duī积jī;

Peony pavilion, pomegranate pavilion, cassia pavilion — pavilion upon pavilion heaped full with goose-down;

盡 is jìn, a reading fixed across this edition. Three named pavilions, and then the doubled 亭亭 gathers them up: five occurrences of the character in a single line.

放fàng懷huái處chù、款kuǎn客kè處chù、遣qiǎn興xìng處chù,處chù處chù皆jiē蝶dié翅chì鋪pū漫màn。 放fàng怀huái处chù、款kuǎn客kè处chù、遣qiǎn兴xìng处chù,处chù处chù皆jiē蝶dié翅chì铺pū漫màn。

the place for easing the heart, the place for entertaining guests, the place for diverting the mood — place upon place spread over with butterfly wings.

遣興: 興 is xìng, "mood, inclination" — set it against the xīng of 興風, raising a wind, six passages back. 鋪漫: 鋪 is pū, the verb "to spread," not the pù that was right for 床鋪. And 處 falls five times here, every one of them chù, matching the five 亭 in the line above. The two lines are built to the same measure.

兩liǎng籬lí黃huáng菊jú玉yù綃xiāo金jīn,幾jǐ樹shù丹dān楓fēng紅hóng間jiàn白bái。 两liǎng篱lí黄huáng菊jú玉yù绡xiāo金jīn,几jǐ树shù丹dān枫fēng红hóng间jiàn白bái。

Two hedges of yellow chrysanthemum, jade gauze and gold; a few trees of scarlet maple, red set off with white.

紅間白: 間 is jiàn, the verb, "to set between, to interleave" — not the jiān, "interval," that the chapter uses at 此間 and 八月間.

無wú數shù閑xián庭tíng冷lěng難nán到dào,且qiě觀guān雪xuě洞dòng冷lěng如rú冰bīng。 无wú数shù闲xián庭tíng冷lěng难nán到dào,且qiě观guān雪xuě洞dòng冷lěng如rú冰bīng。

Countless quiet courts the cold can scarcely reach — but look at the snow grotto, cold as ice.

無數: 數 is shù, the noun. 觀 is guān, "to look at."

那nà裡lǐ邊biān放fàng一yí個gè獸shòu面miàn象xiàng足zú銅tóng火huǒ盆pén,熱rè烘hōng烘hōng炭tàn火huǒ才cái生shēng; 那nà里lǐ边biān放fàng一yí个gè兽shòu面miàn象xiàng足zú铜tóng火huǒ盆pén,热rè烘hōng烘hōng炭tàn火huǒ才cái生shēng;

Within it is set a bronze brazier on beast-faced, elephant feet, the charcoal fire just kindled and blazing;

那裡邊 is nà, "in there." 一個 lifts 一 to yí before a falling tone. The showpiece moves indoors for its close.

上shàng下xià有yǒu幾jǐ張zhāng虎hǔ皮pí搭dā苫shān漆qī交jiāo椅yǐ,軟ruǎn溫wēn溫wēn紙zhǐ窗chuāng鋪pū設shè。 上shàng下xià有yǒu几jǐ张zhāng虎hǔ皮pí搭dā苫shān漆qī交jiāo椅yǐ,软ruǎn温wēn温wēn纸zhǐ窗chuāng铺pū设shè。

above and below, a few lacquered folding chairs draped with tiger skins, and the paper windows fitted soft and warm.

鋪設: 鋪 is pū again, "to lay out, to furnish." The doubled 熱烘烘 and 軟溫溫 shut the piece on comfort rather than on cold.


總評 Commentary

Eight Rules asks the question a reader might ask — who tours a garden in a snowstorm? — and Wukong's answer is the case the whole set-piece rests on: 雪景自然幽靜, a snow prospect is quiet and secluded of itself. The 雪洞 is a genuine Ming garden feature, a retreat built to be occupied in winter, and Old Chen has had it swept and heated for a guest who cannot be comforted any other way.

The showpiece is built on the same theme-and-expansion frame as the great snow piece, and it is worth watching how consistently the snow gets rendered as worked material — jade buds, silver flowers, powdered crumbs, jasper shoots, peaks like bamboo-shoots of jade, a platter of ice, gauze and gold, goose-down, butterfly wings. Nothing in the garden is described as cold. Everything is described as made.

And the piece ends indoors, on a brazier just kindled, tiger skins over lacquered chairs, paper windows fitted soft and warm. The move from frozen garden to heated room is the chapter's small mercy, and the timing of it is cruel: at the very moment the pilgrims settle into the warmest room in the house, the river outside is setting hard enough to walk on.