Canonical Classics ← 第四十八回
第四十八回
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The Fiend Stirs a Cold Wind and Sends Down Great Snow · The Monk, Set on Worshipping the Buddha, Treads the Layered Ice

朝天禮謝
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原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

朝天禮謝 Thanks Offered to Heaven

tiānxiǎojièláidào:「shīxiōngjīngènglěngxiǎngdòngzhù。」sānzàngyíngzheméncháotiānbàidào:「zhòngwèijiàoshénxiàng西láiqiánxīnbàishānchuāngèngshēngbàoyuànjīnzhìgǎnhuángtiānyòuzhùjiédòngshuǐkōngxīnquánxièdàijīnghuízòushàngtánghuángjiéchéngchóu。」bàisuìjiàojìngbèichènbīngguòchénlǎoyòudào:「mángdàixuěróngbīngjiělǎozhuōzhèbànchuánxiāngsòng。」shāsēngdào:「jiùxíngshìhuàzàizhùshìhuàkǒushuōpíngěrwényǎnjiànbèileqiěqǐngshīqīnkànkàn。」chénlǎodào:「yánzhīyǒu。」jiào:「xiǎodemenkuàibèimenliùláiqiěbèitángsēnglǎo。」tiānxiǎojièláidào:「shīxiōngjīngènglěngxiǎngdòngzhù。」sānzàngyíngzheméncháotiānbàidào:「zhòngwèijiàoshénxiàng西láiqiánxīnbàishānchuāngèngshēngbàoyuànjīnzhìgǎnhuángtiānyòuzhùjiédòngshuǐkōngxīnquánxièdàijīnghuízòushàngtánghuángjiéchéngchóu。」bàisuìjiàojìngbèichènbīngguòchénlǎoyòudào:「mángdàixuěróngbīngjiělǎozhuōzhèbànchuánxiāngsòng。」shāsēngdào:「jiùxíngshìhuàzàizhùshìhuàkǒushuōpíngěrwényǎnjiànbèileqiěqǐngshīqīnkànkàn。」chénlǎodào:「yánzhīyǒu。」jiào:「xiǎodemenkuàibèimenliùláiqiěbèitángsēnglǎo。」


逐句解 Line by line

tiānxiǎojièláidào:「shīxiōngjīngènglěngxiǎngdòngzhù。」 tiānxiǎojièláidào:「shīxiōngjīngènglěngxiǎngdòngzhù。」

At daybreak the next day Eight Rules got up and said: 「Elder brother, it was colder still last night — the river must surely have frozen fast.」

更冷: is gèng, the comparative — not gēng, the night-watch, which the Dame used when she set the hour for the snow.

sānzàngyíngzheméncháotiānbàidào:「zhòngwèijiàoshénxiàng西láiqiánxīnbàishānchuāngèngshēngbàoyuàn sānzàngyíngzheméncháotiānbàidào:「zhòngwèijiàoshénxiàng西láiqiánxīnbàishānchuāngèngshēngbàoyuàn

Tripitaka faced the doorway and made his obeisance towards Heaven, saying: 「All you great spirits who guard the Faith, your disciple has journeyed westward all this while with a devout heart to worship the Buddha, enduring hardship over mountain and river, and has never uttered a single word of complaint.

迎著門: is zhe, the reading for a state that goes on — facing the door and staying faced. Different again from the zhuó of 著兩個僮僕, setting servants to a task. 護教: is jiào, "the Teaching." 弟子: is . 一向 lifts to before a falling tone; 一聲 keeps before a level one.

jīnzhìgǎnhuángtiānyòuzhùjiédòngshuǐ jīnzhìgǎnhuángtiānyòuzhùjiédòngshuǐ

Coming now to this place, I have been favoured with the help of August Heaven, which has frozen the river's water.

感得: is . And here is the deepest irony in the chapter, delivered without a flicker: the monk thanks Heaven by name for a piece of work done by a river-demon on the advice of a fish.

kōngxīnquánxièdàijīnghuízòushàngtánghuángjiéchéngchóu。」 kōngxīnquánxièdàijīnghuízòushàngtánghuángjiéchéngchóu。」

Your disciple gives thanks now with an empty heart, and when he has got the scriptures and returned, he will report to the Tang emperor and requite you with all sincerity.」

待得: is . 空心權謝 — thanks offered provisionally, with empty hands. He has nothing to give, so he pledges something later.

bàisuìjiàojìngbèichènbīngguò bàisuìjiàojìngbèichènbīngguò

His obeisance done, he told Wujing to saddle the horse and take the ice across the river.

is jiào, having someone do something. 背馬: is bèi, the everyday sense "to get the horse ready, to saddle up" — not bēi, to carry on one's back.

chénlǎoyòudào:「mángdàixuěróngbīngjiělǎozhuōzhèbànchuánxiāngsòng。」 chénlǎoyòudào:「mángdàixuěróngbīngjiělǎozhuōzhèbànchuánxiāngsòng。」

Old Chen said again: 「Do not be in haste. Wait a few days for the snow to melt and the ice to break, and this old fellow will find a boat here and see you across.」

相送: is xiāng, standing in front of the verb. Old Chen's second attempt.

shāsēngdào:「jiùxíngshìhuàzàizhùshìhuà shāsēngdào:「jiùxíngshìhuàzàizhùshìhuà

Sha Monk said: 「To go now will not do, and to stay longer will not do either.

就行: is xíng. 不是話, "is not the thing," everyday speech. Both lift to before the falling tone of .

kǒushuōpíngěrwényǎnjiàn kǒushuōpíngěrwényǎnjiàn

Talk is no proof; hearing with the ear is not like seeing with the eye.

Two proverbs in ten characters: 口說無憑, talk is no proof, and 耳聞不如眼見, hearing with the ear is not like seeing with the eye — which is what Chinese says where English says seeing is believing. Sha Monk speaks least of the four and is handed the sensible middle course.

bèileqiěqǐngshīqīnkànkàn。」 bèileqiěqǐngshīqīnkànkàn。」

Let me saddle the horse, and let the master go and look for himself.」

背了馬: is bèi. 看看, doubled: "just have a look."

chénlǎodào:「yánzhīyǒu。」 chénlǎodào:「yánzhīyǒu。」

Old Chen said: 「There is reason in what he says.」

The compromise is accepted, and it is the compromise that undoes everyone.

jiào:「xiǎodemenkuàibèimenliùlái jiào:「xiǎodemenkuàibèimenliùlái

He gave orders: 「Lads, go quickly and bring out our six horses.

is jiào; is bèi. 小的們, the household servants — "the lads."

qiěbèitángsēnglǎo。」 qiěbèitángsēnglǎo。」

But do not bring out the Tang lord's horse.」

is bèi a third time. And this is Old Chen's third and cleverest attempt: the pilgrims may go and look if they insist, but if the Tang lord's horse stays in the stable he cannot simply ride off across the ice.


總評 Commentary

Tripitaka's prayer at the door is the ironic centre of the chapter. He faces Heaven, recites his credentials — a devout heart, hardship endured, never one word of complaint — and gives formal thanks to the spirits who guard the Faith for freezing the river on his behalf. Every clause is sincere, and the whole thing is addressed to the wrong party. The ice is the Mandarin-Fish Dame's design, laid at the third watch by a demon who wants to eat him.

The novel has been building this for some time. The snow was praised in verse as 豐年祥瑞從天降, an omen sent down from Heaven; here the monk makes the same mistake in his own voice, and as an act of devotion. There is a serious idea under the joke: providence and trap can look identical from the inside, and piety on its own will not tell them apart.

Old Chen makes three attempts to hold them back and the third is the shrewdest — go and look if you must, but the Tang lord's horse stays in the stable. Sha Monk's proverb, that hearing is not like seeing, is the reasonable position that gets the party out of the house, and it is the concession that will have Tripitaka standing on the ice before the day is out.