Canonical Classics ← 第四十八回
第四十八回
魔mó弄nòng寒hán風fēng飄piāo大dà雪xuě
僧sēng思sī拜bài佛fó履lǚ層céng冰bīng

The Fiend Stirs a Cold Wind and Sends Down Great Snow · The Monk, Set on Worshipping the Buddha, Treads the Layered Ice

冰封通天
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition 含詞賦 With rhapsody

冰封通天 The River Sealed with Ice

就jiù有yǒu六liù個gè小xiǎo价jiè跟gēn隨suí。一yì行xíng人rén徑jìng往wǎng河hé邊biān來lái看kàn,真zhēn個gè是shì:就jiù有yǒu六liù个gè小xiǎo价jiè跟gēn随suí。一yì行xíng人rén径jìng往wǎng河hé边biān来lái看kàn,真zhēn个gè是shì:

雪xuě積jī如rú山shān聳sǒng,雲yún收shōu破pò曉xiǎo晴qíng。雪xuě积jī如rú山shān耸sǒng,云yún收shōu破pò晓xiǎo晴qíng。
寒hán凝níng楚chǔ塞sài千qiān峰fēng瘦shòu,冰bīng結jié江jiāng湖hú一yí片piàn平píng。寒hán凝níng楚chǔ塞sài千qiān峰fēng瘦shòu,冰bīng结jié江jiāng湖hú一yí片piàn平píng。
朔shuò風fēng凜lǐn凜lǐn,滑huá凍dòng棱léng棱léng。朔shuò风fēng凛lǐn凛lǐn,滑huá冻dòng棱léng棱léng。
池chí魚yú偎wēi密mì藻zǎo,野yě鳥niǎo戀liàn枯kū槎chá。池chí鱼yú偎wēi密mì藻zǎo,野yě鸟niǎo恋liàn枯kū槎chá。
塞sài外wài征zhēng夫fū俱jù墜zhuì指zhǐ,江jiāng頭tóu梢shāo子zi亂luàn敲qiāo牙yá。塞sài外wài征zhēng夫fū俱jù坠zhuì指zhǐ,江jiāng头tóu梢shāo子zi乱luàn敲qiāo牙yá。
裂liè蛇shé腹fù,斷duàn鳥niǎo足zú,果guǒ然rán冰bīng山shān千qiān百bǎi尺chǐ。裂liè蛇shé腹fù,断duàn鸟niǎo足zú,果guǒ然rán冰bīng山shān千qiān百bǎi尺chǐ。
萬wàn壑hè冷lěng浮fú銀yín,一yì川chuān寒hán浸jìn玉yù。万wàn壑hè冷lěng浮fú银yín,一yì川chuān寒hán浸jìn玉yù。
東dōng方fāng自zì信xìn出chū僵jiāng蠶cán,北běi地dì果guǒ然rán有yǒu鼠shǔ窟kū。东dōng方fāng自zì信xìn出chū僵jiāng蚕cán,北běi地dì果guǒ然rán有yǒu鼠shǔ窟kū。
王wáng祥xiáng臥wò,光guāng武wǔ渡dù,一yí夜yè溪xī橋qiáo連lián底dǐ固gù。王wáng祥xiáng卧wò,光guāng武wǔ渡dù,一yí夜yè溪xī桥qiáo连lián底dǐ固gù。
曲qū沼zhǎo結jié凌líng層céng,深shēn淵yuān重chóng疊dié沍hù。曲qū沼zhǎo结jié凌líng层céng,深shēn渊yuān重chóng叠dié沍hù。
通tōng天tiān闊kuò水shuǐ更gèng無wú波bō,皎jiǎo潔jié冰bīng漫màn如rú陸lù路lù。通tōng天tiān阔kuò水shuǐ更gèng无wú波bō,皎jiǎo洁jié冰bīng漫màn如rú陆lù路lù。

逐句解 Line by line

就jiù有yǒu六liù個gè小xiǎo价jiè跟gēn隨suí。 就jiù有yǒu六liù个gè小xiǎo价jiè跟gēn随suí。

and six young servants went with them.

小价: 价 is jiè, "servant, messenger" — the reading of 盛价, a polite way of saying "your man" — and not jià, "price."

一yì行xíng人rén徑jìng往wǎng河hé邊biān來lái看kàn,真zhēn個gè是shì: 一yì行xíng人rén径jìng往wǎng河hé边biān来lái看kàn,真zhēn个gè是shì:

The whole party went straight down to the riverside to look, and truly it was this:

一行人: 行 is xíng, a party travelling together, and 一 keeps yì before a rising tone. The line announcing the poem stands on its own.

雪xuě積jī如rú山shān聳sǒng,雲yún收shōu破pò曉xiǎo晴qíng。 雪xuě积jī如rú山shān耸sǒng,云yún收shōu破pò晓xiǎo晴qíng。

Snow heaped up like mountains soaring; / the cloud drawn off, the dawn broken clear.

The showpiece opens on a five-character couplet and will widen to seven before contracting again — the standard shape of these pieces.

寒hán凝níng楚chǔ塞sài千qiān峰fēng瘦shòu,冰bīng結jié江jiāng湖hú一yí片piàn平píng。 寒hán凝níng楚chǔ塞sài千qiān峰fēng瘦shòu,冰bīng结jié江jiāng湖hú一yí片piàn平píng。

Cold has congealed the frontier passes of Chu, and a thousand peaks stand gaunt; / ice has bound the rivers and lakes into a single level sheet.

楚塞: 塞 is sài, "frontier pass," not sāi, "to stop up." 一片 lifts 一 to yí before a falling tone.

朔shuò風fēng凜lǐn凜lǐn,滑huá凍dòng棱léng棱léng。 朔shuò风fēng凛lǐn凛lǐn,滑huá冻dòng棱léng棱léng。

The north wind bitter and biting; / the frozen slick sharp-edged and glittering.

棱棱, doubled: angular, ridged. The poem describes the ice by its edges.

池chí魚yú偎wēi密mì藻zǎo,野yě鳥niǎo戀liàn枯kū槎chá。 池chí鱼yú偎wēi密mì藻zǎo,野yě鸟niǎo恋liàn枯kū槎chá。

The pool-fish huddle into the thick weed; / the wild birds cling to the withered branch.

The couplet drops from the human scale to the creaturely and notes, in passing, that the things in the water are hiding. Under this particular ice, that is not a neutral observation.

塞sài外wài征zhēng夫fū俱jù墜zhuì指zhǐ,江jiāng頭tóu梢shāo子zi亂luàn敲qiāo牙yá。 塞sài外wài征zhēng夫fū俱jù坠zhuì指zhǐ,江jiāng头tóu梢shāo子zi乱luàn敲qiāo牙yá。

Beyond the frontier the men on campaign are losing their fingers; / at the river-head the boatmen chatter their teeth.

塞外: 塞 is sài again. 梢子 is the same word as 艄子, boatmen, and ends in the light zi. 墜指, fingers dropping off with frostbite — the one flash of real bodily damage in the whole piece.

裂liè蛇shé腹fù,斷duàn鳥niǎo足zú,果guǒ然rán冰bīng山shān千qiān百bǎi尺chǐ。 裂liè蛇shé腹fù,断duàn鸟niǎo足zú,果guǒ然rán冰bīng山shān千qiān百bǎi尺chǐ。

It splits the serpent's belly, it snaps the bird's foot — a very mountain of ice, a thousand chǐ and a hundred high.

尺 stays as chǐ; 千百尺 is a rhetorical height, not a measured one.

萬wàn壑hè冷lěng浮fú銀yín,一yì川chuān寒hán浸jìn玉yù。 万wàn壑hè冷lěng浮fú银yín,一yì川chuān寒hán浸jìn玉yù。

Ten thousand ravines float cold with silver; / one river lies steeped chill in jade.

一川 keeps 一 at yì before a level tone.

東dōng方fāng自zì信xìn出chū僵jiāng蠶cán,北běi地dì果guǒ然rán有yǒu鼠shǔ窟kū。 东dōng方fāng自zì信xìn出chū僵jiāng蚕cán,北běi地dì果guǒ然rán有yǒu鼠shǔ窟kū。

In the east one may well believe the stiffened silkworms come forth; / in the north there are indeed the burrows of rats.

Two figures out of the marvel-books, and both can be traced. 僵蠶, the stiffened silkworm, recalls the ice-silkworm — 冰蠶 — of Mount Yuanjiao in the eastern sea, which the 拾遺記 says must be covered with frost and snow before it will spin: hence 東方, in the east. 鼠窟 is the burrow of the 磎鼠 of the 神異經, which lives beneath the layered ice of the far north — 北方層冰萬里…有磎鼠在冰下土中. That passage supplies the very phrase 層冰 standing in this chapter's title. 自信, "one may well believe," is the tone of a man citing a marvel at second hand.

王wáng祥xiáng臥wò,光guāng武wǔ渡dù,一yí夜yè溪xī橋qiáo連lián底dǐ固gù。 王wáng祥xiáng卧wò,光guāng武wǔ渡dù,一yí夜yè溪xī桥qiáo连lián底dǐ固gù。

Wang Xiang lay down upon it, Guangwu crossed over it — in a single night the brook and its bridge are set solid to the bed.

Two ice-crossing stories. Wang Xiang lay down on a frozen river to thaw a hole in it and get carp for the stepmother who mistreated him; the Han emperor Guangwu found the Hutuo frozen just in time to bring his army over. 一夜 lifts 一 to yí before a falling tone. Both are stories of ice that helped, and that is exactly the reading Tripitaka is about to take.

曲qū沼zhǎo結jié凌líng層céng,深shēn淵yuān重chóng疊dié沍hù。 曲qū沼zhǎo结jié凌líng层céng,深shēn渊yuān重chóng叠dié沍hù。

The winding pool has set in shelves of ice; the deep abyss is frozen fold upon fold.

重疊: 重 is chóng, "layered" — as in 重衾, and not the zhòng, "heavily," of 重浸. 沍, frozen hard.

通tōng天tiān闊kuò水shuǐ更gèng無wú波bō,皎jiǎo潔jié冰bīng漫màn如rú陸lù路lù。 通tōng天tiān阔kuò水shuǐ更gèng无wú波bō,皎jiǎo洁jié冰bīng漫màn如rú陆lù路lù。

The broad water of the River That Reaches to Heaven has not a wave upon it; bright and clean, the ice runs out flat as a road on dry land.

更無波: 更 is gèng. The closing line delivers the demon's whole purpose in seven characters: 皎潔冰漫如陸路, bright and clean, the ice spread out like a road on dry land.


總評 Commentary

The second great showpiece of the chapter, and its subject is not snow but ice — which is to say, not weather but a surface. Every image tends the same way: a thousand peaks gaunt, the rivers and lakes bound into one level sheet, the pool set in shelves, the abyss frozen fold on fold, and at last the flat statement the whole piece has been working towards — 皎潔冰漫如陸路, bright and clean, the ice spread out like a road on dry land.

The two allusions in the middle are chosen with some care. Wang Xiang lay down on the frozen river to melt it and get carp for his stepmother; Guangwu found the Hutuo frozen just in time to bring his army across. Both are stories in which ice arrives as providence, at the moment of need, for a man in the right — exactly the stories a devout traveller standing on this bank would think of, and the novel puts them in his path. Tucked in beside them is a learned pivot: the stiffened silkworm and the rat-burrow come out of the marvel-books, the ice-silkworm of the 拾遺記 and the 磎鼠 that the 神異經 places beneath the layered ice of the far north. That is the very phrase standing in the chapter's title. The showpiece is quietly citing the book that named the chapter.

Set against all this, almost unnoticed, are the images of what cold actually does: fingers dropping from the hands of soldiers, boatmen with chattering teeth, the serpent's belly split and the bird's foot snapped off. The piece holds both — ice as miracle and ice as killer — and offers not a word of guidance as to which is operating here.