Canonical Classics ← 第五十四回
第五十四回
法fǎ性xìng西xī來lái逢féng女nǚ國guó
心xīn猿yuán定dìng計jì脫tuō煙yān花huā

The Dharma-Nature, Coming West, Meets the Land of Women · The Mind-Monkey Lays a Plan to Escape the Flowery Snare

特來求親
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

特來求親 The Grand Preceptor Sues for a Match

說shuō不bù了liǎo,二èr女nǚ官guān早zǎo至zhì,對duì長zhǎng老lǎo下xià拜bài。長zhǎng老lǎo一yī一yī還huán禮lǐ道dào:「貧pín僧sēng出chū家jiā人rén,有yǒu何hé德dé能néng,敢gǎn勞láo大dà人rén下xià拜bài?」那nà太tài師shī見jiàn長zhǎng老lǎo相xiàng貌mào軒xuān昂áng,心xīn中zhōng暗àn喜xǐ道dào:「我wǒ國guó中zhōng實shí有yǒu造zào化huà,這zhè個gè男nán子zǐ,卻què也yě做zuò得de我wǒ王wáng之zhī夫fū。」二èr官guān拜bài畢bì起qǐ來lái,侍shì立lì左zuǒ右yòu道dào:「御yù弟dì爺yé爺ye,萬wàn千qiān之zhī喜xǐ了le。」三sān藏zàng道dào:「我wǒ出chū家jiā人rén,喜xǐ從cóng何hé來lái?」太tài師shī躬gōng身shēn道dào:「此cǐ處chù乃nǎi西xī梁liáng女nǚ國guó,國guó中zhōng自zì來lái沒méi個gè男nán子zǐ。今jīn幸xìng御yù弟dì爺yé爺ye降jiàng臨lín,臣chén奉fèng我wǒ王wáng旨zhǐ意yì,特tè來lái求qiú親qīn。」三sān藏zàng道dào:「善shàn哉zāi,善shàn哉zāi!我wǒ貧pín僧sēng隻zhī身shēn來lái到dào貴guì地dì,又yòu無wú兒ér女nǚ相xiāng隨suí,止zhǐ有yǒu頑wán徒tú三sān個gè,不bù知zhī大dà人rén求qiú的de是shì那nǎ個gè親qīn事shì?」驛yì丞chéng道dào:「下xià官guān才cái進jìn朝cháo啟qǐ奏zòu,我wǒ王wáng十shí分fēn歡huān喜xǐ道dào,夜yè來lái得dé一yì吉jí夢mèng,夢mèng見jiàn金jīn屏píng生shēng彩cǎi艷yàn,玉yù鏡jìng展zhǎn光guāng明míng。御yù弟dì乃nǎi中zhōng華huá上shàng國guó男nán兒ér,我wǒ王wáng願yuàn以yǐ一yì國guó之zhī富fù,招zhāo贅zhuì御yù弟dì爺yé爺ye為wéi夫fū,坐zuò南nán面miàn稱chēng孤gū,我wǒ王wáng願yuàn為wéi帝dì后hòu。傳chuán旨zhǐ著zhuó太tài師shī作zuò媒méi,下xià官guān主zhǔ婚hūn,故gù此cǐ特tè來lái求qiú這zhè親qīn事shì也yě。」三sān藏zàng聞wén言yán,低dī頭tóu不bù語yǔ。太tài師shī道dào:「大dà丈zhàng夫fū遇yù時shí,不bù可kě錯cuò過guò。似sì此cǐ招zhāo贅zhuì之zhī事shì,天tiān下xià雖suī有yǒu,託tuō國guó之zhī富fù,世shì上shàng實shí稀xī。請qǐng御yù弟dì速sù允yǔn,庶shù好hǎo回huí奏zòu。」長zhǎng老lǎo越yuè加jiā痴chī啞yǎ。说shuō不bù了liǎo,二èr女nǚ官guān早zǎo至zhì,对duì长zhǎng老lǎo下xià拜bài。长zhǎng老lǎo一yī一yī还huán礼lǐ道dào:「贫pín僧sēng出chū家jiā人rén,有yǒu何hé德dé能néng,敢gǎn劳láo大dà人rén下xià拜bài?」那nà太tài师shī见jiàn长zhǎng老lǎo相xiàng貌mào轩xuān昂áng,心xīn中zhōng暗àn喜xǐ道dào:「我wǒ国guó中zhōng实shí有yǒu造zào化huà,这zhè个gè男nán子zǐ,却què也yě做zuò得de我wǒ王wáng之zhī夫fū。」二èr官guān拜bài毕bì起qǐ来lái,侍shì立lì左zuǒ右yòu道dào:「御yù弟dì爷yé爷ye,万wàn千qiān之zhī喜xǐ了le。」三sān藏zàng道dào:「我wǒ出chū家jiā人rén,喜xǐ从cóng何hé来lái?」太tài师shī躬gōng身shēn道dào:「此cǐ处chù乃nǎi西xī梁liáng女nǚ国guó,国guó中zhōng自zì来lái没méi个gè男nán子zǐ。今jīn幸xìng御yù弟dì爷yé爷ye降jiàng临lín,臣chén奉fèng我wǒ王wáng旨zhǐ意yì,特tè来lái求qiú亲qīn。」三sān藏zàng道dào:「善shàn哉zāi,善shàn哉zāi!我wǒ贫pín僧sēng只zhī身shēn来lái到dào贵guì地dì,又yòu无wú儿ér女nǚ相xiāng随suí,止zhǐ有yǒu顽wán徒tú三sān个gè,不bù知zhī大dà人rén求qiú的de是shì那nǎ个gè亲qīn事shì?」驿yì丞chéng道dào:「下xià官guān才cái进jìn朝cháo启qǐ奏zòu,我wǒ王wáng十shí分fēn欢huān喜xǐ道dào,夜yè来lái得dé一yì吉jí梦mèng,梦mèng见jiàn金jīn屏píng生shēng彩cǎi艳yàn,玉yù镜jìng展zhǎn光guāng明míng。御yù弟dì乃nǎi中zhōng华huá上shàng国guó男nán儿ér,我wǒ王wáng愿yuàn以yǐ一yì国guó之zhī富fù,招zhāo赘zhuì御yù弟dì爷yé爷ye为wéi夫fū,坐zuò南nán面miàn称chēng孤gū,我wǒ王wáng愿yuàn为wéi帝dì后hòu。传chuán旨zhǐ着zhuó太tài师shī作zuò媒méi,下xià官guān主zhǔ婚hūn,故gù此cǐ特tè来lái求qiú这zhè亲qīn事shì也yě。」三sān藏zàng闻wén言yán,低dī头tóu不bù语yǔ。太tài师shī道dào:「大dà丈zhàng夫fū遇yù时shí,不bù可kě错cuò过guò。似sì此cǐ招zhāo赘zhuì之zhī事shì,天tiān下xià虽suī有yǒu,托tuō国guó之zhī富fù,世shì上shàng实shí稀xī。请qǐng御yù弟dì速sù允yǔn,庶shù好hǎo回huí奏zòu。」长zhǎng老lǎo越yuè加jiā痴chī哑yǎ。


逐句解 Line by line

說shuō不bù了liǎo,二èr女nǚ官guān早zǎo至zhì,對duì長zhǎng老lǎo下xià拜bài。 说shuō不bù了liǎo,二èr女nǚ官guān早zǎo至zhì,对duì长zhǎng老lǎo下xià拜bài。

Before he had finished speaking, the two women officials had already arrived, and they bowed low before the elder.

說不了 takes 了 as liǎo, the verb "to finish" — not the little word that marks a completed action. The sense is that he could not get to the end of saying it. 不 stays bù before the dipping tone of liǎo.

長zhǎng老lǎo一yī一yī還huán禮lǐ道dào:「貧pín僧sēng出chū家jiā人rén,有yǒu何hé德dé能néng,敢gǎn勞láo大dà人rén下xià拜bài?」 长zhǎng老lǎo一yī一yī还huán礼lǐ道dào:「贫pín僧sēng出chū家jiā人rén,有yǒu何hé德dé能néng,敢gǎn劳láo大dà人rén下xià拜bài?」

The elder returned each courtesy in turn and said, 「This poor monk is one who has left the household life. What virtue or ability has he, that he should presume to trouble Your Excellencies to bow to him?」

一一 is a set phrase meaning "one by one, each in turn," and it keeps yī on both characters rather than shifting to yì as an ordinary numeral would. 還禮 takes 還 as huán, to repay or return — not the hái of 還要.

那nà太tài師shī見jiàn長zhǎng老lǎo相xiàng貌mào軒xuān昂áng,心xīn中zhōng暗àn喜xǐ道dào:「我wǒ國guó中zhōng實shí有yǒu造zào化huà,這zhè個gè男nán子zǐ,卻què也yě做zuò得de我wǒ王wáng之zhī夫fū。」 那nà太tài师shī见jiàn长zhǎng老lǎo相xiàng貌mào轩xuān昂áng,心xīn中zhōng暗àn喜xǐ道dào:「我wǒ国guó中zhōng实shí有yǒu造zào化huà,这zhè个gè男nán子zǐ,却què也yě做zuò得de我wǒ王wáng之zhī夫fū。」

The Grand Preceptor, seeing how noble and lofty the elder's features were, rejoiced privately in her heart, thinking: 「Our realm has real good fortune indeed. This man could well serve as husband to our sovereign.」

The novel gives its one moment of private thought in this passage to the antagonist rather than the hero. 中 occurs twice and is zhōng both times; 相貌 takes 相 as xiàng; 造化 is huà. 男子 takes 子 as zǐ, the word for a man, not the small-and-familiar ending of 獃子. 做得 takes 得 as the de of possibility — he could be made to serve.

二èr官guān拜bài畢bì起qǐ來lái,侍shì立lì左zuǒ右yòu道dào:「御yù弟dì爺yé爺ye,萬wàn千qiān之zhī喜xǐ了le。」 二èr官guān拜bài毕bì起qǐ来lái,侍shì立lì左zuǒ右yòu道dào:「御yù弟dì爷yé爷ye,万wàn千qiān之zhī喜xǐ了le。」

The two officials, their obeisance done, rose and stood in attendance to left and right, saying, 「Venerable imperial brother, a thousand thousand felicitations to you.」

御弟爺爺 stacks an honorific on a title. 爺爺 is the deferential form of address the whole country will use for Tripitaka from here on, and a doubled family word like this one takes a light second syllable. 萬千之喜 is formula congratulation, and its cheerfulness is entirely one-sided.

三sān藏zàng道dào:「我wǒ出chū家jiā人rén,喜xǐ從cóng何hé來lái?」 三sān藏zàng道dào:「我wǒ出chū家jiā人rén,喜xǐ从cóng何hé来lái?」

「I am one who has left the household life,」 said Tripitaka. 「Whence should any felicity come to me?」

出家人 is the standing self-description of a monk: literally one who has gone out from the household. His answer is not a refusal but an objection of category — congratulation of this kind cannot apply to him at all.

太tài師shī躬gōng身shēn道dào:「此cǐ處chù乃nǎi西xī梁liáng女nǚ國guó,國guó中zhōng自zì來lái沒méi個gè男nán子zǐ。 太tài师shī躬gōng身shēn道dào:「此cǐ处chù乃nǎi西xī梁liáng女nǚ国guó,国guó中zhōng自zì来lái没méi个gè男nán子zǐ。

The Grand Preceptor bowed from the waist and said, 「This place is the Women's Country of Western Liang, and in this realm there has never from the first been a single man.

此處 takes 處 as chù, the place-word, against the chǔ of 處治 in the previous passage. 國中 is zhōng; 沒 is méi; 男子 again takes zǐ.

今jīn幸xìng御yù弟dì爺yé爺ye降jiàng臨lín,臣chén奉fèng我wǒ王wáng旨zhǐ意yì,特tè來lái求qiú親qīn。」 今jīn幸xìng御yù弟dì爷yé爷ye降jiàng临lín,臣chén奉fèng我wǒ王wáng旨zhǐ意yì,特tè来lái求qiú亲qīn。」

By good fortune the venerable imperial brother has now come down to us. Your servant, bearing our sovereign's command, comes expressly to sue for a match.」

降臨 takes 降 as jiàng, to descend — the verb kept for a god or an imperial personage arriving, exactly as in the queen's own 下降 back in the throne room. 求親 is the formal act of asking for a marriage.

三sān藏zàng道dào:「善shàn哉zāi,善shàn哉zāi!我wǒ貧pín僧sēng隻zhī身shēn來lái到dào貴guì地dì,又yòu無wú兒ér女nǚ相xiāng隨suí,止zhǐ有yǒu頑wán徒tú三sān個gè,不bù知zhī大dà人rén求qiú的de是shì那nǎ個gè親qīn事shì?」 三sān藏zàng道dào:「善shàn哉zāi,善shàn哉zāi!我wǒ贫pín僧sēng只zhī身shēn来lái到dào贵guì地dì,又yòu无wú儿ér女nǚ相xiāng随suí,止zhǐ有yǒu顽wán徒tú三sān个gè,不bù知zhī大dà人rén求qiú的de是shì那nǎ个gè亲qīn事shì?」

「Mercy on us, mercy on us!」 said Tripitaka. 「This poor monk came alone to your honoured land; no children accompany him, and he has only three stubborn disciples. I do not know which of them it is that Your Excellency sues for.」

He plays for time by pretending to misunderstand. 善哉 renders the Sanskrit sādhu, "it is well" — a formula of approval that vernacular fiction turned into a general pious exclamation, roughly "mercy on us." 那個 takes 那 as nǎ, the question word "which," not the pointing nà. 兒女 takes 兒 as ér; 相隨 takes 相 as xiāng.

驛yì丞chéng道dào:「下xià官guān才cái進jìn朝cháo啟qǐ奏zòu,我wǒ王wáng十shí分fēn歡huān喜xǐ道dào,夜yè來lái得dé一yì吉jí夢mèng,夢mèng見jiàn金jīn屏píng生shēng彩cǎi艷yàn,玉yù鏡jìng展zhǎn光guāng明míng。 驿yì丞chéng道dào:「下xià官guān才cái进jìn朝cháo启qǐ奏zòu,我wǒ王wáng十shí分fēn欢huān喜xǐ道dào,夜yè来lái得dé一yì吉jí梦mèng,梦mèng见jiàn金jīn屏píng生shēng彩cǎi艳yàn,玉yù镜jìng展zhǎn光guāng明míng。

The warden said, 「This humble officer has just been to court to make report, and our sovereign was greatly delighted and said that last night she had a lucky dream — she dreamed that a golden screen put forth brilliant colours and a jade mirror opened out its light.

The dream is reported a second time, now at one remove, and the repetition is how a court decision turns into a fact on the ground. 進朝 takes 朝 as cháo; 十分 takes 分 as fēn; 夜來得 takes 得 as dé, attainment. In 一吉夢 the 一 is an ordinary numeral and shifts to yì before the rising tone of 吉.

御yù弟dì乃nǎi中zhōng華huá上shàng國guó男nán兒ér,我wǒ王wáng願yuàn以yǐ一yì國guó之zhī富fù,招zhāo贅zhuì御yù弟dì爺yé爺ye為wéi夫fū,坐zuò南nán面miàn稱chēng孤gū,我wǒ王wáng願yuàn為wéi帝dì后hòu。 御yù弟dì乃nǎi中zhōng华huá上shàng国guó男nán儿ér,我wǒ王wáng愿yuàn以yǐ一yì国guó之zhī富fù,招zhāo赘zhuì御yù弟dì爷yé爷ye为wéi夫fū,坐zuò南nán面miàn称chēng孤gū,我wǒ王wáng愿yuàn为wéi帝dì后hòu。

The imperial brother is a man of the Middle Flowery Land, a superior realm. Our sovereign would, with the wealth of a whole kingdom, take the venerable imperial brother into her house as husband, that he might sit facing south and style himself the Solitary One, while she would be his empress-consort.

招贅 is the detail an English reader is most likely to miss. It does not mean marriage in general; it means marriage in which the husband moves into the wife's household and the children take her line — in Ming society the recourse of poor men, and a real social comedown. 坐南面稱孤: to sit facing south is to occupy the throne, and 孤, the Solitary One, is a ruler's word for himself. 稱 is chēng; 為 occurs twice and is wéi both times; 中華 is zhōng plus huá; 男兒 takes 兒 as ér.

傳chuán旨zhǐ著zhuó太tài師shī作zuò媒méi,下xià官guān主zhǔ婚hūn,故gù此cǐ特tè來lái求qiú這zhè親qīn事shì也yě。」 传chuán旨zhǐ着zhuó太tài师shī作zuò媒méi,下xià官guān主zhǔ婚hūn,故gù此cǐ特tè来lái求qiú这zhè亲qīn事shì也yě。」

She has issued a command setting the Grand Preceptor to act as go-between and this humble officer to preside over the match, and so we have come expressly to sue for this marriage.」

傳旨著 takes 著 as zhuó, the reading that means setting someone to a task. The sentence closes the embassy's brief by naming its own authority, which is the shape a Ming official petition takes.

三sān藏zàng聞wén言yán,低dī頭tóu不bù語yǔ。 三sān藏zàng闻wén言yán,低dī头tóu不bù语yǔ。

Tripitaka heard this and bowed his head without a word.

Eight characters of nothing happening, and they are the hinge of the chapter. Every previous danger has been answered by speech or by force; this one produces 低頭不語 — head down, no word.

太tài師shī道dào:「大dà丈zhàng夫fū遇yù時shí,不bù可kě錯cuò過guò。 太tài师shī道dào:「大dà丈zhàng夫fū遇yù时shí,不bù可kě错cuò过guò。

The Grand Preceptor said, 「When a great man meets his hour he must not let it slip.

大丈夫遇時 is proverbial, and it belongs to the world of worldly advice rather than court ceremony: when a great man's hour comes he must not let it slip. 不可 keeps bù, 可 being a dipping tone.

似sì此cǐ招zhāo贅zhuì之zhī事shì,天tiān下xià雖suī有yǒu,託tuō國guó之zhī富fù,世shì上shàng實shí稀xī。 似sì此cǐ招zhāo赘zhuì之zhī事shì,天tiān下xià虽suī有yǒu,托tuō国guó之zhī富fù,世shì上shàng实shí稀xī。

Such a match as this may be found here and there in the world, but to be entrusted with the wealth of a kingdom is a rare thing on this earth indeed.

託國之富 echoes the queen's own 一國之富, and Eight Rules will throw this exact phrase back at the Grand Preceptor in the next passage. 世上實稀 closes the argument on scarcity, which is the only argument a court can make to a man who wants nothing.

請qǐng御yù弟dì速sù允yǔn,庶shù好hǎo回huí奏zòu。」 请qǐng御yù弟dì速sù允yǔn,庶shù好hǎo回huí奏zòu。」

Let the imperial brother consent quickly, so that we may go back and make our report.」

庶好 is "so that it may be well to" — a subordinate's way of applying pressure without appearing to. The whole speech has been a sales pitch, and it ends with a deadline.

長zhǎng老lǎo越yuè加jiā痴chī啞yǎ。 长zhǎng老lǎo越yuè加jiā痴chī哑yǎ。

The elder only grew the more dumb and stupefied.

His silence is not a tactic but a collapse, and the passage ends inside it. 痴啞 pairs stupefaction with muteness, and 越加 marks it getting worse: the 低頭不語 of a few lines back has deepened rather than lifted.


總評 Commentary

The embassy conducts itself impeccably, and that is what makes the passage frightening. Two officials bow; the elder returns their courtesies one by one; congratulations are offered; the situation is explained; the proposal is made with its authority cited; a reason is given why the offer is exceptional. At no point does anybody threaten anything. Tripitaka is being asked, politely, by a working government, and he has no answer.

The Grand Preceptor's private thought is the passage's one moment inside somebody's head, and the novel gives it to the antagonist. Seeing the elder's noble features she rejoices — 我國中實有造化, our realm has real good fortune — and sizes him up as fit to be her sovereign's husband. It is the same appraising look the crowd gave the pilgrims in the marketplace, refined into the language of a court, and it is no less an assessment of livestock.

招贅 is the technical heart of the offer. A man who married this way moved into his wife's house and his children carried her family name, which in Ming society was what poor men did and carried a real stigma. The queen is offering a throne on those terms. The generosity of the offer and its complete inversion of ordinary practice are the same fact stated twice.

What the passage does to Tripitaka is the point. He deflects once, on a technicality: a monk cannot be congratulated on a marriage. He deflects again, with a pious exclamation and a pretence of not following — which of my disciples do you mean? Then the proposal is stated plainly and he stops. 低頭不語, and four segments later 越加痴啞. This is a man who has argued with kings and rebuked bodhisattvas, and the sight of him going dumb is the chapter's first real damage.