Canonical Classics ← 第五十二回
第五十二回
悟wù空kōng大dà鬧nào金jīn兜dōu洞dòng
如rú來lái暗àn示shì主zhǔ人rén公gōng

Wukong Makes Havoc at the Cave of the Golden Helmet · The Tathāgata Hints Covertly at the Owner

化身促織
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition 含詞賦 With rhapsody

化身促織 Changed into a Cricket

好hǎo大dà聖shèng,笑xiào唏xī唏xī的de,將jiāng鐵tiě棒bàng藏cáng了le。跳tiào下xià高gāo峰fēng,又yòu至zhì洞dòng口kǒu,搖yáo身shēn一yí變biàn,變biàn作zuò一yí個gè促cù織zhī兒er。真zhēn個gè:好hǎo大dà圣shèng,笑xiào唏xī唏xī的de,将jiāng铁tiě棒bàng藏cáng了le。跳tiào下xià高gāo峰fēng,又yòu至zhì洞dòng口kǒu,摇yáo身shēn一yí变biàn,变biàn作zuò一yí个gè促cù织zhī儿er。真zhēn个gè:

嘴zuǐ硬yìng鬚xū長cháng皮pí黑hēi,眼yǎn明míng爪zhǎo腳jiǎo丫yā叉chā。嘴zuǐ硬yìng须xū长cháng皮pí黑hēi,眼yǎn明míng爪zhǎo脚jiǎo丫yā叉chā。
風fēng清qīng月yuè明míng叫jiào牆qiáng涯yá。风fēng清qīng月yuè明míng叫jiào墙qiáng涯yá。
夜yè靜jìng如rú同tóng人rén話huà。夜yè静jìng如rú同tóng人rén话huà。
泣qì露lù淒qī涼liáng景jǐng色sè,聲shēng音yīn斷duàn續xù堪kān誇kuā。泣qì露lù凄qī凉liáng景jǐng色sè,声shēng音yīn断duàn续xù堪kān夸kuā。
客kè窗chuāng旅lǚ思sī怕pà聞wén他tā。客kè窗chuāng旅lǚ思sī怕pà闻wén他tā。
偏piān在zài空kōng階jiē床chuáng下xià。偏piān在zài空kōng阶jiē床chuáng下xià。

逐句解 Line by line

好hǎo大dà聖shèng,笑xiào唏xī唏xī的de,將jiāng鐵tiě棒bàng藏cáng了le。 好hǎo大dà圣shèng,笑xiào唏xī唏xī的de,将jiāng铁tiě棒bàng藏cáng了le。

The fine Great Sage, chuckling to himself, put the iron rod away.

笑唏唏的 is "with a snickering laugh." 將鐵棒藏了: 將 is jiāng, the word that puts an object in front of its verb; 藏 is cáng, to stow or hide away, not the zàng of 三藏, Tripitaka's name; 了 is le.

跳tiào下xià高gāo峰fēng,又yòu至zhì洞dòng口kǒu,搖yáo身shēn一yí變biàn,變biàn作zuò一yí個gè促cù織zhī兒er。 跳tiào下xià高gāo峰fēng,又yòu至zhì洞dòng口kǒu,摇yáo身shēn一yí变biàn,变biàn作zuò一yí个gè促cù织zhī儿er。

He sprang down from the high peak, came again to the cave mouth, shook himself, and changed into a cricket.

Of all the shapes available to him, he picks a cricket. 促織兒 is the cricket (standard name 蟋蟀), with 兒 as the ending er. The name literally means "urge-the-weaving" — the insect whose chirring in autumn was said to hurry the women along at their looms before the cold arrived. It is the sound of a deadline.

真zhēn個gè: 真zhēn个gè:

Truly:

The tag announcing the verse gets its own segment and is not itself verse. What follows is a 詞, a song-lyric, in the 西江月 measure — two stanzas of six, six, seven and six syllables — rather than the seven-syllable couplets used for the fighting.

嘴zuǐ硬yìng鬚xū長cháng皮pí黑hēi,眼yǎn明míng爪zhǎo腳jiǎo丫yā叉chā。 嘴zuǐ硬yìng须xū长cháng皮pí黑hēi,眼yǎn明míng爪zhǎo脚jiǎo丫yā叉chā。

Hard of mouth, long of whisker, black of hide; / bright of eye, with claws and feet splayed wide.

First line of the lyric, six syllables. 鬚長: 長 is cháng. 丫叉 means forked or splayed. Before it is anything else, this is accurate insect description: hard mouthparts, long antennae, dark body, splayed legs.

風fēng清qīng月yuè明míng叫jiào牆qiáng涯yá。 风fēng清qīng月yuè明míng叫jiào墙qiáng涯yá。

In clear wind and bright moon it calls from the foot of the wall;

The seven-syllable third line of the stanza. 牆涯 is the foot of a wall, the cricket's classic station in Chinese verse.

夜yè靜jìng如rú同tóng人rén話huà。 夜yè静jìng如rú同tóng人rén话huà。

in the stillness of night it is like a person talking.

如同人話 — the old conceit that a cricket's cry sounds like someone talking. It also quietly sets up the plot, because this particular cricket is about to do a great deal of listening.

泣qì露lù淒qī涼liáng景jǐng色sè,聲shēng音yīn斷duàn續xù堪kān誇kuā。 泣qì露lù凄qī凉liáng景jǐng色sè,声shēng音yīn断duàn续xù堪kān夸kuā。

Weeping dew, a scene of chill desolation; / a voice broken off and taken up again, worth the praising.

The second stanza opens. 泣露, "weeping dew", is a standing figure for autumn insects; 斷續 catches the way the chirring stops and starts.

客kè窗chuāng旅lǚ思sī怕pà聞wén他tā。 客kè窗chuāng旅lǚ思sī怕pà闻wén他tā。

At the traveller's window his wandering thoughts dread to hear it;

客窗旅思 — the traveller at his window — is the classic posture of homesickness in Tang and Song poetry; 旅思 is a wanderer's brooding.

偏piān在zài空kōng階jiē床chuáng下xià。 偏piān在zài空kōng阶jiē床chuáng下xià。

and it is precisely there, on the empty steps, beneath the bed.

偏在 means "is right there, of all places." 空階床下 closes the lyric exactly where the insect actually is: on the empty steps, under the bed. Which is also where the burglar intends to be.


總評 Commentary

This is the smallest transformation Wukong performs in the whole arc, and the narrator marks it with a full lyric — a 詞 in the 西江月 measure, two stanzas of six, six, seven and six, rather than the seven-syllable couplets used for fighting. The form matters. 西江月 is a song-measure with a long pedigree in melancholy, and the poem it carries here is a proper autumn-insect piece: weeping dew, a voice that breaks off and starts again, the traveller at his window who dreads to hear the sound. Nothing whatever in it is about burglary.

That is the joke, and it is a fine one. The cricket, 促織, "urge the weaving", is the insect of homesickness — the creature whose chirring, from the Book of Odes onward, tells a traveller how far he is from home and how late the year has got. The narrator hands it the full weight of that tradition, ends on 怕聞他, "they dread to hear it," and then sends it in under the door to case a demon's bedroom. The reader is invited to notice that the fiends inside genuinely ought to dread hearing this particular cricket — and that Wukong, who is a very long way from home himself, is about to spend the night at the foot of somebody else's bed.