Canonical Classics ← 第五十二回
第五十二回
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Wukong Makes Havoc at the Cave of the Golden Helmet · The Tathāgata Hints Covertly at the Owner

西天問佛
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拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

西天問佛 A Resolve to Ask the Buddha

quèshuōtiānwángshuàizhònghuíshànggāofēnghuǒyuànzhāxìngléigōngguàitiānwángfàngdiāowéishuǐzàipángxíngzhějiànmenmiànxīnyǒuyíngméinàihuáihènqiǎnghuānduìzhòngxiàodào:「lièwèifánnǎodào:『shèngbàibīngjiāzhīcháng。』lùnzhǐdànzhǐshìduōlezhèquānzisuǒwéihàiděngbīngyòutàojiāngleqiěfàngxīndàilǎosūnzàicháchádejiǎolái。」tàidào:「qiánzòuchákān滿mǎntiānshìjiègèngdiǎnzōngjīnquèyòuchùchá?」xíngzhědào:「xiǎngláibiānjīnqiěshàng西tiānwènláijiàozhuóhuìyǎnguānkànzhōukànzhèguàishìfāngshēngzhǎngchùxiāngguànzhùquānzishìjiànshénmebǎobèiguǎnzěndedìngyàolièwèichūhuánděnghuānguītiān。」zhòngshéndào:「yǒujiǔtíngkuàikuài。」quèshuōtiānwángshuàizhònghuíshànggāofēnghuǒyuànzhāxìngléigōngguàitiānwángfàngdiāowéishuǐzàipángxíngzhějiànmenmiànxīnyǒuyíngméinài怀huáihènqiǎnghuānduìzhòngxiàodào:「lièwèifánnǎodào:『shèngbàibīngjiāzhīcháng。』lùnzhǐdànzhǐshìduōlezhèquānzisuǒwéihàiděngbīngyòutàojiāngleqiěfàngxīndàilǎosūnzàicháchádejiǎolái。」tàidào:「qiánzòuchákānmǎntiānshìjiègèngdiǎnzōngjīnquèyòuchùchá?」xíngzhědào:「xiǎngláibiānjīnqiěshàng西tiānwènláijiàozhuóhuìyǎnguānkànzhōukànzhèguàishìfāngshēngzhǎngchùxiāngguànzhùquānzishìjiànshénmebǎobèiguǎnzěndedìngyàolièwèichūhuánděnghuānguītiān。」zhòngshéndào:「yǒujiǔtíngkuàikuài。」


逐句解 Line by line

quèshuōtiānwángshuàizhònghuíshànggāofēnghuǒyuànzhāxìngléigōngguàitiānwángfàngdiāowéishuǐzàipáng quèshuōtiānwángshuàizhònghuíshànggāofēnghuǒyuànzhāxìngléigōngguàitiānwángfàngdiāowéishuǐzàipáng

Now Devarāja Li led his company back up to the high peak, where the Fire Virtue blamed Nezha for his hot temper, the Thunder Squire blamed the Devarāja for playing tricks, and only the Earl of Waters stood by and said nothing.

A committee after a failure, in one sentence. 那李天王 points, so is ; 在傍: is páng. 放刁 is "to play the sharper, to be awkward on purpose." 水伯 is the Water Earl, whose flood failed against the demon in the chapter before; in this one he is never called on at all, and he is the only member of the company who ends it with nothing taken.

xíngzhějiànmenmiànxīnyǒuyíngméinàihuáihènqiǎnghuānduìzhòngxiàodào:「lièwèifánnǎo xíngzhějiànmenmiànxīnyǒuyíngméinài怀huáihènqiǎnghuānduìzhòngxiàodào:「lièwèifánnǎo

Pilgrim saw that they would not look one another in the face and that their minds were full of misgiving. There was no help for it: nursing his resentment he forced a cheerful manner, and said to them all with a laugh: "My lords, do not distress yourselves.

沒奈何: is méi. 強歡: is qiǎng, to force or compel — he is forcing the cheerfulness, not being strong about it — rather than the qiáng of strength. 面不廝睹 is "not looking one another in the face."

dào:『shèngbàibīngjiāzhīcháng。』 dào:『shèngbàibīngjiāzhīcháng。』

"The old saying has it: 'Victory and defeat are the common lot of soldiers.'

One of only two places in the chapter where the text uses the inner quotation marks 『』, which mark a quotation rather than verse. 勝敗兵家之常, "victory and defeat are the common lot of soldiers," is a proverb of long standing — and Pilgrim is quoting it to gods who have just lost their weapons for the second time.

lùnzhǐdànzhǐshìduōlezhèquānzisuǒwéihàiděngbīngyòutàojiāngle lùnzhǐdànzhǐshìduōlezhèquānzisuǒwéihàiděngbīngyòutàojiāngle

"He and I are matched in the arts of war, and there is no more to it than that; the only thing is that he has this ring of his over and above, which is why the harm is done, and why he has snared away our weapons again.

The two halves are joined at the semicolon. Both are le; 圈子 takes the bare ending zi; 為害: is wéi, the verb, "to work harm"; 套將去了: is jiāng. He has isolated the single variable, which nobody else in three chapters has managed.

qiěfàngxīndàilǎosūnzàicháchádejiǎolái。」 qiěfàngxīndàilǎosūnzàicháchádejiǎolái。」

"Set your minds at rest: let Old Monkey go once more and look into his antecedents."

And here is the turn the chapter has been waiting for. 腳色 in the vernacular means a person's record and origins — what he is and where he came from. The modern spelling 角色, a part in a play, is the same word: what you are is the role you were cast in. Pilgrim is proposing to investigate the demon's identity instead of fighting him again. 查查: both are chá, "to look into"; the automatic tool gives chá everywhere else in the chapter and zhā for this doubled pair, so the reduplication is the one place it goes wrong.

tàidào:「qiánzòuchákān滿mǎntiānshìjiègèngdiǎnzōngjīnquèyòuchùchá?」 tàidào:「qiánzòuchákānmǎntiānshìjiègèngdiǎnzōngjīnquèyòuchùchá?」

The Prince said: "You laid a memorial before the Jade Emperor earlier, and the whole world under heaven was searched and examined without a single trace of him. Where do you mean to look now?"

A good objection, and the reason the answer must come from outside. 太子: is ; 更無: is gèng; 何處: is chù. The demon appears in nobody's register.

xíngzhědào:「xiǎngláibiānjīnqiěshàng西tiānwènláijiàozhuóhuìyǎnguānkànzhōukànzhèguàishìfāngshēngzhǎngchùxiāngguànzhùquānzishìjiànshénmebǎobèi xíngzhědào:「xiǎngláibiānjīnqiěshàng西tiānwènláijiàozhuóhuìyǎnguānkànzhōukànzhèguàishìfāngshēngzhǎngchùxiāngguànzhùquānzishìjiànshénmebǎobèi

Pilgrim said: "It comes to me that the Buddha's dharma is without bounds. Let me go up now to the Western Heaven and ask my Buddha the Tathāgata, and have him turn his eye of wisdom on the four great continents of the earth and see what quarter this monster was born and bred in, what place holds his native home, and what sort of treasure the ring may be.

is throughout this edition (the automatic tool gives inside 問我佛). 教他著慧眼: is jiào, "have him"; is zhuó, to employ or apply. 那方生長 is a question and runs parallel with 何處鄉貫, so is , "which quarter"; is zhǎng.

guǎnzěndedìngyàolièwèichūhuánděnghuānguītiān。」 guǎnzěndedìngyàolièwèichūhuánděnghuānguītiān。」

"Come what may I mean to take him, to get satisfaction for you all, and to send you back to Heaven content."

還汝等: is huán, to send back or restore, not hái. 一定 is a set phrase and takes the ordinary shift to before a fourth tone.

zhòngshéndào:「yǒujiǔtíngkuàikuài。」 zhòngshéndào:「yǒujiǔtíngkuàikuài。」

The gods said: "Since that is your intention, do not delay long. Go quickly, go quickly."

The same send-off — 快去快去 — that started him into the cave on the first night. Saying it is very nearly the gods' entire contribution to this chapter.


總評 Commentary

The recriminations on the ridge are done in one sentence and are worth the whole passage: the Fire Virtue blames Nezha for losing his temper, the Thunder Squire blames Devarāja Li for sharp practice, and the Water Earl — who has not yet been asked to do anything at all — stands by and says nothing. It is a small, exact picture of a committee after a failure, and the novel does not soften it on the grounds that these are gods.

Wukong's response is the turn the chapter has been building towards, and it is worth noticing how unlike him it is. He quotes a proverb about the fortunes of war, admits that he and the demon are evenly matched in arms, isolates the one variable that is beating them — 他多了這個圈子, he has this ring over and above — and then proposes not another assault but an enquiry into the creature's 腳色, its record and origins. Nezha's objection is the sound one: the Jade Emperor's own search turned up no trace of him anywhere under heaven. Which is exactly why the answer has to come from outside the celestial registry, and why Pilgrim is off to Vulture Peak to ask a question rather than to borrow a weapon.