公取竊取 Taking Openly, Taking by Stealth
他也不管好歹,拿下樓來,出廳房,徑到門外道:「師父,這裡全沒人煙,是一所亡靈之宅。老豬走進裡面,直至高樓之上,黃綾帳內,有一堆骸骨。串樓傍有三件納錦的背心,被我拿來了,也是我們一程兒造化。此時天氣寒冷,正當用處。師父,且脫了褊衫,把他且穿在底下,受用受用,免得吃冷。」三藏道:「不可,不可。律云:『公取竊取皆為盜。』倘或有人知覺,趕上我們,到了當官,斷然是一個竊盜之罪。還不送進去與他搭在原處。我們在此避風坐一坐,等悟空來時走路。出家人不要這等愛小。」八戒道:「四顧無人,雖雞犬亦不知之,但只我們知道,誰人告我?有何證見?就如拾得的一般,那裡論甚麼公取竊取也?」三藏道:「你胡做啊。雖是人不知之,天何蓋焉?玄帝垂訓云:『暗室虧心,神目如電。』趁早送去還他,莫愛非禮之物。」他也不管好歹,拿下楼来,出厅房,径到门外道:「师父,这里全没人烟,是一所亡灵之宅。老猪走进里面,直至高楼之上,黄绫帐内,有一堆骸骨。串楼傍有三件纳锦的背心,被我拿来了,也是我们一程儿造化。此时天气寒冷,正当用处。师父,且脱了褊衫,把他且穿在底下,受用受用,免得吃冷。」三藏道:「不可,不可。律云:『公取窃取皆为盗。』倘或有人知觉,赶上我们,到了当官,断然是一个窃盗之罪。还不送进去与他搭在原处。我们在此避风坐一坐,等悟空来时走路。出家人不要这等爱小。」八戒道:「四顾无人,虽鸡犬亦不知之,但只我们知道,谁人告我?有何证见?就如拾得的一般,那里论甚么公取窃取也?」三藏道:「你胡做啊。虽是人不知之,天何盖焉?玄帝垂训云:『暗室亏心,神目如电。』趁早送去还他,莫爱非礼之物。」
逐句解 Line by line
Caring nothing for right or wrong, he carried them down, out through the hall and straight to the gate. "Master," he said, "there is not a soul about this place. It is a house of the departed. Old Hog went right inside, up to the top storey, and in a canopy of yellow silk there is a heap of bones."
不管好歹, caring nothing for good or ill, is the narrator's verdict, delivered before Bajie has spoken a word in his own defence. And note what he then says: 亡靈之宅, a house of the departed. He is not deceived about where he has been.
Beside the covered gallery were three waistcoats of quilted brocade. I have brought them along, and that is a piece of luck for the lot of us.
傍 is páng, beside. 一程兒 takes the little er ending; 造化 is luck, one's allotted good fortune. The find gets reported as providence, which is the shape every one of Bajie's temptations takes: not "I want this" but "this was meant for us".
The weather is bitter just now, and they will come in exactly right.
正當用處 has 當 as the dāng of "at just this time" and 處 as chù. The argument from cold is the identical argument that got them out of the ring, and it works the same way twice in ten minutes.
Master, take off your outer gown and put one on underneath — enjoy it a while, and save yourself from feeling the cold."
褊衫 is the wide-sleeved outer robe of a monk, so Bajie is proposing that the stolen goods go on underneath, out of sight. 免得 is a fixed word, with 得 as the light de. 受用受用, the verb said twice, makes it sound like a small indulgence rather than a decision.
Tripitaka said: "No, no. The code says: to take openly and to take by stealth are both theft."
皆為盜 takes 為 as the verb wéi, to be. 律云 introduces a quotation from the legal code, and the maxim is a real principle of Chinese law: taking in the open and taking on the sly are the same offence. Worth noticing which book the master reaches for. Asked about property, he quotes statute, not scripture.
If anyone should notice and come after us, and we were brought before a magistrate, it would beyond doubt be a charge of larceny.
知覺 is jué, to become aware, not jiào, to sleep. 當官 has 當 as dāng: before the magistrate. The master is imagining a courtroom rather than a curse, which is precisely the wrong danger to be weighing in a house full of bones.
Take it back inside now and drape it where it was.
還 is hái here, carrying the sense "why have you not yet"; 原處 has 處 as chù, the place a thing came from. Eleven characters, an instruction given once, and nobody moves.
We can sit here out of the wind for a while, and set off when Wukong comes back.
The master returns to Wukong's own plan — sit still and wait — which he abandoned three passages ago on Bajie's advice. Nobody remarks on this either.
Those who have left the household life should not be so fond of small gains."
愛小 is a fondness for small advantage, the petty greed that takes what is going. 出家人 is the standing term for one who has left the household life. It is a rebuke aimed squarely at Bajie's besetting fault, and it changes nothing whatever.
Bajie said: "Look about — there is nobody here. Not a chicken or a dog knows of it. Only we know, and who is to inform on me? What evidence is there?"
雖雞犬亦不知之 is deliberately legalistic — not a chicken or a dog knows of it. Bajie is answering the master's courtroom, not his ethics, and answering it on its own terms. 告我 is to lay an information against somebody.
It is just as if we had picked them up. Where is the sense in arguing open taking against stealthy taking?"
拾得 takes 得 as dé. 那裡論 is rhetorical — where is there any arguing — so 那 reads nǎ. 甚麼 is shén me. The master cited a distinction; Bajie meets it with a distinction of his own, finding a third category the code did not mention, and wins the exchange on points.
Tripitaka said: "You do wrong. Though no man know of it, what does Heaven not cover?"
天何蓋焉 — what is there that Heaven fails to cover over? The master moves from the law court to the eye of Heaven, which is much stronger ground and the one Bajie cannot answer.
The Dark Emperor left an instruction: in a darkened room a man may wrong his conscience, but the eye of the god is like lightning."
玄帝 is the Dark Emperor of the North, Zhenwu, a major Daoist deity. 暗室虧心, 神目如電 — in a dark room a man may cheat his own conscience, but the god's eye is lightning — was a household maxim in the Ming, the kind of thing painted on a wall where children would see it. The master ends on it and is not answered.
Take them back at once and return them, and do not covet what is not properly yours."
還 here is huán, to give a thing back to its owner, not the hái of "still". 非禮之物 is something not yours by right. The order is given a second time, in plain words, and ignored a second time.
The whole scene is an argument about property conducted inside a trap, and neither speaker ever stops to ask why three waistcoats are lying ready in a house full of bones.
Tripitaka argues well and loses. He opens from the legal code, which Bajie can meet on its own ground, and only reaches Heaven's eye once the case is already gone.
The novel is precise about where the fault lies. Nobody here is deceived: Bajie has said out loud that it is a house of the dead, and the master has said out loud that it is theft. They go on regardless.