Canonical Classics ← 第五十回
第五十回
情qíng亂luàn性xìng從cóng因yīn愛ài慾yù
神shén昏hūn心xīn動dòng遇yù魔mó頭tóu

Feeling Runs Wild and Nature Gives Way, by Reason of Desire · The Spirit Is Darkened, the Heart Is Stirred, and They Meet a Fiend

公取竊取
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

公取竊取 Taking Openly, Taking by Stealth

他tā也yě不bù管guǎn好hǎo歹dǎi,拿ná下xià樓lóu來lái,出chū廳tīng房fáng,徑jìng到dào門mén外wài道dào:「師shī父fù,這zhè裡lǐ全quán沒méi人rén煙yān,是shì一yì所suǒ亡wáng靈líng之zhī宅zhái。老lǎo豬zhū走zǒu進jìn裡lǐ面miàn,直zhí至zhì高gāo樓lóu之zhī上shàng,黃huáng綾líng帳zhàng內nèi,有yǒu一yì堆duī骸hái骨gǔ。串chuàn樓lóu傍páng有yǒu三sān件jiàn納nà錦jǐn的de背bèi心xīn,被bèi我wǒ拿ná來lái了le,也yě是shì我wǒ們men一yì程chéng兒er造zào化huà。此cǐ時shí天tiān氣qì寒hán冷lěng,正zhèng當dāng用yòng處chù。師shī父fù,且qiě脫tuō了le褊biǎn衫shān,把bǎ他tā且qiě穿chuān在zài底dǐ下xià,受shòu用yòng受shòu用yòng,免miǎn得de吃chī冷lěng。」三sān藏zàng道dào:「不bù可kě,不bù可kě。律lǜ云yún:『公gōng取qǔ竊qiè取qǔ皆jiē為wéi盜dào。』倘tǎng或huò有yǒu人rén知zhī覺jué,趕gǎn上shàng我wǒ們men,到dào了le當dāng官guān,斷duàn然rán是shì一yí個gè竊qiè盜dào之zhī罪zuì。還hái不bú送sòng進jìn去qù與yǔ他tā搭dā在zài原yuán處chù。我wǒ們men在zài此cǐ避bì風fēng坐zuò一yí坐zuò,等děng悟wù空kōng來lái時shí走zǒu路lù。出chū家jiā人rén不bú要yào這zhè等děng愛ài小xiǎo。」八bā戒jiè道dào:「四sì顧gù無wú人rén,雖suī雞jī犬quǎn亦yì不bù知zhī之zhī,但dàn只zhǐ我wǒ們men知zhī道dào,誰shuí人rén告gào我wǒ?有yǒu何hé證zhèng見jiàn?就jiù如rú拾shí得dé的de一yì般bān,那nǎ裡lǐ論lùn甚shén麼me公gōng取qǔ竊qiè取qǔ也yě?」三sān藏zàng道dào:「你nǐ胡hú做zuò啊a。雖suī是shì人rén不bù知zhī之zhī,天tiān何hé蓋gài焉yān?玄xuán帝dì垂chuí訓xùn云yún:『暗àn室shì虧kuī心xīn,神shén目mù如rú電diàn。』趁chèn早zǎo送sòng去qù還huán他tā,莫mò愛ài非fēi禮lǐ之zhī物wù。」他tā也yě不bù管guǎn好hǎo歹dǎi,拿ná下xià楼lóu来lái,出chū厅tīng房fáng,径jìng到dào门mén外wài道dào:「师shī父fù,这zhè里lǐ全quán没méi人rén烟yān,是shì一yì所suǒ亡wáng灵líng之zhī宅zhái。老lǎo猪zhū走zǒu进jìn里lǐ面miàn,直zhí至zhì高gāo楼lóu之zhī上shàng,黄huáng绫líng帐zhàng内nèi,有yǒu一yì堆duī骸hái骨gǔ。串chuàn楼lóu傍páng有yǒu三sān件jiàn纳nà锦jǐn的de背bèi心xīn,被bèi我wǒ拿ná来lái了le,也yě是shì我wǒ们men一yì程chéng儿er造zào化huà。此cǐ时shí天tiān气qì寒hán冷lěng,正zhèng当dāng用yòng处chù。师shī父fù,且qiě脱tuō了le褊biǎn衫shān,把bǎ他tā且qiě穿chuān在zài底dǐ下xià,受shòu用yòng受shòu用yòng,免miǎn得de吃chī冷lěng。」三sān藏zàng道dào:「不bù可kě,不bù可kě。律lǜ云yún:『公gōng取qǔ窃qiè取qǔ皆jiē为wéi盗dào。』倘tǎng或huò有yǒu人rén知zhī觉jué,赶gǎn上shàng我wǒ们men,到dào了le当dāng官guān,断duàn然rán是shì一yí个gè窃qiè盗dào之zhī罪zuì。还hái不bú送sòng进jìn去qù与yǔ他tā搭dā在zài原yuán处chù。我wǒ们men在zài此cǐ避bì风fēng坐zuò一yí坐zuò,等děng悟wù空kōng来lái时shí走zǒu路lù。出chū家jiā人rén不bú要yào这zhè等děng爱ài小xiǎo。」八bā戒jiè道dào:「四sì顾gù无wú人rén,虽suī鸡jī犬quǎn亦yì不bù知zhī之zhī,但dàn只zhǐ我wǒ们men知zhī道dào,谁shuí人rén告gào我wǒ?有yǒu何hé证zhèng见jiàn?就jiù如rú拾shí得dé的de一yì般bān,那nǎ里lǐ论lùn甚shén么me公gōng取qǔ窃qiè取qǔ也yě?」三sān藏zàng道dào:「你nǐ胡hú做zuò啊a。虽suī是shì人rén不bù知zhī之zhī,天tiān何hé盖gài焉yān?玄xuán帝dì垂chuí训xùn云yún:『暗àn室shì亏kuī心xīn,神shén目mù如rú电diàn。』趁chèn早zǎo送sòng去qù还huán他tā,莫mò爱ài非fēi礼lǐ之zhī物wù。」


逐句解 Line by line

他tā也yě不bù管guǎn好hǎo歹dǎi,拿ná下xià樓lóu來lái,出chū廳tīng房fáng,徑jìng到dào門mén外wài道dào:「師shī父fù,這zhè裡lǐ全quán沒méi人rén煙yān,是shì一yì所suǒ亡wáng靈líng之zhī宅zhái。老lǎo豬zhū走zǒu進jìn裡lǐ面miàn,直zhí至zhì高gāo樓lóu之zhī上shàng,黃huáng綾líng帳zhàng內nèi,有yǒu一yì堆duī骸hái骨gǔ。 他tā也yě不bù管guǎn好hǎo歹dǎi,拿ná下xià楼lóu来lái,出chū厅tīng房fáng,径jìng到dào门mén外wài道dào:「师shī父fù,这zhè里lǐ全quán没méi人rén烟yān,是shì一yì所suǒ亡wáng灵líng之zhī宅zhái。老lǎo猪zhū走zǒu进jìn里lǐ面miàn,直zhí至zhì高gāo楼lóu之zhī上shàng,黄huáng绫líng帐zhàng内nèi,有yǒu一yì堆duī骸hái骨gǔ。

Caring nothing for right or wrong, he carried them down, out through the hall and straight to the gate. "Master," he said, "there is not a soul about this place. It is a house of the departed. Old Hog went right inside, up to the top storey, and in a canopy of yellow silk there is a heap of bones."

不管好歹, caring nothing for good or ill, is the narrator's verdict, delivered before Bajie has spoken a word in his own defence. And note what he then says: 亡靈之宅, a house of the departed. He is not deceived about where he has been.

串chuàn樓lóu傍páng有yǒu三sān件jiàn納nà錦jǐn的de背bèi心xīn,被bèi我wǒ拿ná來lái了le,也yě是shì我wǒ們men一yì程chéng兒er造zào化huà。 串chuàn楼lóu傍páng有yǒu三sān件jiàn纳nà锦jǐn的de背bèi心xīn,被bèi我wǒ拿ná来lái了le,也yě是shì我wǒ们men一yì程chéng儿er造zào化huà。

Beside the covered gallery were three waistcoats of quilted brocade. I have brought them along, and that is a piece of luck for the lot of us.

傍 is páng, beside. 一程兒 takes the little er ending; 造化 is luck, one's allotted good fortune. The find gets reported as providence, which is the shape every one of Bajie's temptations takes: not "I want this" but "this was meant for us".

此cǐ時shí天tiān氣qì寒hán冷lěng,正zhèng當dāng用yòng處chù。 此cǐ时shí天tiān气qì寒hán冷lěng,正zhèng当dāng用yòng处chù。

The weather is bitter just now, and they will come in exactly right.

正當用處 has 當 as the dāng of "at just this time" and 處 as chù. The argument from cold is the identical argument that got them out of the ring, and it works the same way twice in ten minutes.

師shī父fù,且qiě脫tuō了le褊biǎn衫shān,把bǎ他tā且qiě穿chuān在zài底dǐ下xià,受shòu用yòng受shòu用yòng,免miǎn得de吃chī冷lěng。」 师shī父fù,且qiě脱tuō了le褊biǎn衫shān,把bǎ他tā且qiě穿chuān在zài底dǐ下xià,受shòu用yòng受shòu用yòng,免miǎn得de吃chī冷lěng。」

Master, take off your outer gown and put one on underneath — enjoy it a while, and save yourself from feeling the cold."

褊衫 is the wide-sleeved outer robe of a monk, so Bajie is proposing that the stolen goods go on underneath, out of sight. 免得 is a fixed word, with 得 as the light de. 受用受用, the verb said twice, makes it sound like a small indulgence rather than a decision.

三sān藏zàng道dào:「不bù可kě,不bù可kě。律lǜ云yún:『公gōng取qǔ竊qiè取qǔ皆jiē為wéi盜dào。』 三sān藏zàng道dào:「不bù可kě,不bù可kě。律lǜ云yún:『公gōng取qǔ窃qiè取qǔ皆jiē为wéi盗dào。』

Tripitaka said: "No, no. The code says: to take openly and to take by stealth are both theft."

皆為盜 takes 為 as the verb wéi, to be. 律云 introduces a quotation from the legal code, and the maxim is a real principle of Chinese law: taking in the open and taking on the sly are the same offence. Worth noticing which book the master reaches for. Asked about property, he quotes statute, not scripture.

倘tǎng或huò有yǒu人rén知zhī覺jué,趕gǎn上shàng我wǒ們men,到dào了le當dāng官guān,斷duàn然rán是shì一yí個gè竊qiè盜dào之zhī罪zuì。 倘tǎng或huò有yǒu人rén知zhī觉jué,赶gǎn上shàng我wǒ们men,到dào了le当dāng官guān,断duàn然rán是shì一yí个gè窃qiè盗dào之zhī罪zuì。

If anyone should notice and come after us, and we were brought before a magistrate, it would beyond doubt be a charge of larceny.

知覺 is jué, to become aware, not jiào, to sleep. 當官 has 當 as dāng: before the magistrate. The master is imagining a courtroom rather than a curse, which is precisely the wrong danger to be weighing in a house full of bones.

還hái不bú送sòng進jìn去qù與yǔ他tā搭dā在zài原yuán處chù。 还hái不bú送sòng进jìn去qù与yǔ他tā搭dā在zài原yuán处chù。

Take it back inside now and drape it where it was.

還 is hái here, carrying the sense "why have you not yet"; 原處 has 處 as chù, the place a thing came from. Eleven characters, an instruction given once, and nobody moves.

我wǒ們men在zài此cǐ避bì風fēng坐zuò一yí坐zuò,等děng悟wù空kōng來lái時shí走zǒu路lù。 我wǒ们men在zài此cǐ避bì风fēng坐zuò一yí坐zuò,等děng悟wù空kōng来lái时shí走zǒu路lù。

We can sit here out of the wind for a while, and set off when Wukong comes back.

The master returns to Wukong's own plan — sit still and wait — which he abandoned three passages ago on Bajie's advice. Nobody remarks on this either.

出chū家jiā人rén不bú要yào這zhè等děng愛ài小xiǎo。」 出chū家jiā人rén不bú要yào这zhè等děng爱ài小xiǎo。」

Those who have left the household life should not be so fond of small gains."

愛小 is a fondness for small advantage, the petty greed that takes what is going. 出家人 is the standing term for one who has left the household life. It is a rebuke aimed squarely at Bajie's besetting fault, and it changes nothing whatever.

八bā戒jiè道dào:「四sì顧gù無wú人rén,雖suī雞jī犬quǎn亦yì不bù知zhī之zhī,但dàn只zhǐ我wǒ們men知zhī道dào,誰shuí人rén告gào我wǒ?有yǒu何hé證zhèng見jiàn? 八bā戒jiè道dào:「四sì顾gù无wú人rén,虽suī鸡jī犬quǎn亦yì不bù知zhī之zhī,但dàn只zhǐ我wǒ们men知zhī道dào,谁shuí人rén告gào我wǒ?有yǒu何hé证zhèng见jiàn?

Bajie said: "Look about — there is nobody here. Not a chicken or a dog knows of it. Only we know, and who is to inform on me? What evidence is there?"

雖雞犬亦不知之 is deliberately legalistic — not a chicken or a dog knows of it. Bajie is answering the master's courtroom, not his ethics, and answering it on its own terms. 告我 is to lay an information against somebody.

就jiù如rú拾shí得dé的de一yì般bān,那nǎ裡lǐ論lùn甚shén麼me公gōng取qǔ竊qiè取qǔ也yě?」 就jiù如rú拾shí得dé的de一yì般bān,那nǎ里lǐ论lùn甚shén么me公gōng取qǔ窃qiè取qǔ也yě?」

It is just as if we had picked them up. Where is the sense in arguing open taking against stealthy taking?"

拾得 takes 得 as dé. 那裡論 is rhetorical — where is there any arguing — so 那 reads nǎ. 甚麼 is shén me. The master cited a distinction; Bajie meets it with a distinction of his own, finding a third category the code did not mention, and wins the exchange on points.

三sān藏zàng道dào:「你nǐ胡hú做zuò啊a。雖suī是shì人rén不bù知zhī之zhī,天tiān何hé蓋gài焉yān? 三sān藏zàng道dào:「你nǐ胡hú做zuò啊a。虽suī是shì人rén不bù知zhī之zhī,天tiān何hé盖gài焉yān?

Tripitaka said: "You do wrong. Though no man know of it, what does Heaven not cover?"

天何蓋焉 — what is there that Heaven fails to cover over? The master moves from the law court to the eye of Heaven, which is much stronger ground and the one Bajie cannot answer.

玄xuán帝dì垂chuí訓xùn云yún:『暗àn室shì虧kuī心xīn,神shén目mù如rú電diàn。』 玄xuán帝dì垂chuí训xùn云yún:『暗àn室shì亏kuī心xīn,神shén目mù如rú电diàn。』

The Dark Emperor left an instruction: in a darkened room a man may wrong his conscience, but the eye of the god is like lightning."

玄帝 is the Dark Emperor of the North, Zhenwu, a major Daoist deity. 暗室虧心, 神目如電 — in a dark room a man may cheat his own conscience, but the god's eye is lightning — was a household maxim in the Ming, the kind of thing painted on a wall where children would see it. The master ends on it and is not answered.

趁chèn早zǎo送sòng去qù還huán他tā,莫mò愛ài非fēi禮lǐ之zhī物wù。」 趁chèn早zǎo送sòng去qù还huán他tā,莫mò爱ài非fēi礼lǐ之zhī物wù。」

Take them back at once and return them, and do not covet what is not properly yours."

還 here is huán, to give a thing back to its owner, not the hái of "still". 非禮之物 is something not yours by right. The order is given a second time, in plain words, and ignored a second time.


總評 Commentary

The whole scene is an argument about property conducted inside a trap, and neither speaker ever stops to ask why three waistcoats are lying ready in a house full of bones.

Tripitaka argues well and loses. He opens from the legal code, which Bajie can meet on its own ground, and only reaches Heaven's eye once the case is already gone.

The novel is precise about where the fault lies. Nobody here is deceived: Bajie has said out loud that it is a house of the dead, and the master has said out loud that it is theft. They go on regardless.