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A Numinous Root, Conceived and Nurtured, Brings Forth Its Source · The Cultivation of Mind and Nature Gives Birth to the Great Way

洞府仙童
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition 含詞賦 With rhapsody

洞府仙童 The Grotto and the Immortal Lad

hóuwángtīngshuōzhǐxiāngchūshēnlínzhǎoshàngjìngguòshānyuēyǒuyuǎnguǒránwàngjiànzuòdòngtǐngshēnguānkànzhēnhǎochùdànjiànhóuwángtīngshuōzhǐxiāngchūshēnlínzhǎoshàngjìngguòshānyuēyǒuyuǎnguǒránwàngjiànzuòdòngtǐngshēnguānkànzhēnhǎochùdànjiàn

yānxiásàncǎiyuèyáoguāngyānxiásàncǎiyuèyáoguāng
qiānzhūlǎobǎiwànjiéxiūhuángqiānzhūlǎobǎiwànjiéxiūhuáng
qiānzhūlǎobǎidàibànkōngqīngrǎnrǎnqiānzhūlǎobǎidàibànkōngqīngrǎnrǎn
wànjiéxiūhuánghányāncāngcāngwànjiéxiūhuánghányāncāngcāng
ménwàihuājǐnqiáobiānyáocǎopēnxiāngménwàihuājǐnqiáobiānyáocǎopēnxiāng
shíqīngtáirùnxuángāozhāngcuìxiǎnchángshíqīngtáirùnxuángāozhāngcuìxiǎncháng
shíwénxiānměijiànfènghuángxiángshíwénxiānměijiànfènghuángxiáng
xiānshíshēngzhènjiǔgāoxiāohànyuǎnxiānshíshēngzhènjiǔgāoxiāohànyuǎn
fènghuángxiánglíngmáocǎiyúnguāngfènghuángxiánglíngmáocǎiyúnguāng
xuányuánbái鹿suíyǐnxiànjīnshīxiàngrènxíngcángxuányuánbái鹿suíyǐnxiànjīnshīxiàngrènxíngcáng
guānlíngzhēnsàitiāntángguānlíngzhēnsàitiāntáng

yòujiàndòngménjǐnjìngqiāoqiāoyǎorénhuítóujiàntóushíbēiyuēyǒusānzhànggāochǐkuòshàngyǒuhángshínǎishìlíngtáifāngcùnshānxiéyuèsānxīngdòng」。měihóuwángshífēnhuāndào:「jiānrénguǒshìshíguǒyǒushāndòng。」kàngòuduōshígǎnqiāoménqiětiàoshàngsōngzhīshāotóuzhāisōngchīlewánshuǎshǎoqǐngjiānzhǐtīngdeshēngdòngménkāichùmiànzǒuchūxiāntóngzhēnfēng姿yīngwěixiàngmàoqīngxúnchángtóngdànjiànyòujiàndòngménjǐnjìngqiāoqiāoyǎorénhuítóujiàntóushíbēiyuēyǒusānzhànggāochǐkuòshàngyǒuhángshínǎishìlíngtáifāngcùnshānxiéyuèsānxīngdòng」。měihóuwángshífēnhuāndào:「jiānrénguǒshìshíguǒyǒushāndòng。」kàngòuduōshígǎnqiāoménqiětiàoshàngsōngzhīshāotóuzhāisōngchīlewánshuǎshǎoqǐngjiānzhǐtīngdeshēngdòngménkāichùmiànzǒuchūxiāntóngzhēnfēng姿yīngwěixiàngmàoqīngxúnchángtóngdànjiàn

zhuāshuāngwǎnkuānpáoliǎngxiùfēngzhuāshuāngwǎnkuānpáoliǎngxiùfēng
màoshēnbiéxīnxiàngkōngmàoshēnbiéxīnxiàngkōng
wàichángniánshānzhōngyǒngshòutóngwàichángniánshānzhōngyǒng寿shòutóng
chénquánrǎnjiǎrènfānténgchénquánrǎnjiǎrènfānténg

逐句解 Line by line

hóuwángtīngshuōzhǐxiāngchūshēnlínzhǎoshàngjìng hóuwángtīngshuōzhǐxiāngchūshēnlínzhǎoshàngjìng

The Monkey King, hearing this, could only take his leave. Out of the deep wood he came, found the path,

只得相辭 — he "could only" take his leave, which quietly concedes that the woodcutter has won the argument. Then 找上路徑, he finds the path ( jìng) and follows the directions to the letter.

guòshānyuēyǒuyuǎnguǒránwàngjiànzuòdòng guòshānyuēyǒuyuǎnguǒránwàngjiànzuòdòng

crossed a hillside, and after some seven or eight li did indeed catch sight of a cave-dwelling.

() is a hillside, and 七八里 is seven or eight , left untranslated. Then 果然 — sure enough — a 洞府, a grotto-residence, exactly where he was told it would be. After ten fruitless years, something in the world has finally matched what somebody promised him.

tǐngshēnguānkànzhēnhǎochùdànjiàn tǐngshēnguānkànzhēnhǎochùdànjiàn

Drawing himself up to look, he saw it was a truly fine spot. Behold:

挺身 ( tǐng) is to draw yourself up straight: he has smartened his posture without being asked. 真好去處 and 但見 cue the of the master's cave.

yānxiásàncǎiyuèyáoguāng yānxiásàncǎiyuèyáoguāng

Mist and rosy cloud scatter their colours; sun and moon shimmer their light.

The cave- opens with light rather than rock — mist and rosy cloud scattering colour, sun and moon shimmering. Compare the mountain- a few passages back, which opened with halberds and cliffs. This register is markedly more heavenly, and the difference is deliberate.

qiānzhūlǎobǎiwànjiéxiūhuáng qiānzhūlǎobǎiwànjiéxiūhuáng

A thousand aged cypresses, ten thousand joints of tall bamboo.

(zhū) is the measure word for trees and (huáng) is bamboo, counted here by its joints. The pair is stated now and picked up and expanded in the next two lines — the same "state, then amplify" pattern used on the earlier mountain.

qiānzhūlǎobǎidàibànkōngqīngrǎnrǎn qiānzhūlǎobǎidàibànkōngqīngrǎnrǎn

A thousand aged cypresses, rain-laden, green and soft against the sky;

The cypresses again, 帶雨 rain-laden and 青冉冉, softly green, with 冉冉 suggesting something that droops or drifts gently rather than standing stiff.

wànjiéxiūhuánghányāncāngcāng wànjiéxiūhuánghányāncāngcāng

ten thousand joints of tall bamboo, holding mist, a whole ravine deep blue-green.

And the bamboo, 含煙 holding the mist, filling a whole ravine ( ) with 蒼蒼 — the deep grey-green that distance puts on things.

ménwàihuājǐnqiáobiānyáocǎopēnxiāng ménwàihuājǐnqiáobiānyáocǎopēnxiāng

Beyond the gate, rare flowers spread like brocade; by the bridge, magic herbs breathe fragrance.

佈錦 spreads rare flowers out like brocade ( is the 維基文庫 form of , to spread; , brocade), and 噴香 has the jade-herbs gushing scent ( pēn). Note the two words of civilisation slipped in among the flowers: a gate, and a bridge. Somebody built here.

shíqīngtáirùnxuángāozhāngcuìxiǎncháng shíqīngtáirùnxuángāozhāngcuìxiǎncháng

On the stone cliff, jagged, the green moss glistens; up the sheer wall, high-spread, the kingfisher lichen grows long.

突兀 ( ) is jutting out abruptly; 懸壁 is a sheer hanging wall ( the 維基文庫 reading against ), and 翠蘚 is kingfisher-green lichen ( xiǎn) growing (cháng), long. Wet, old and undisturbed.

shíwénxiānměijiànfènghuángxiáng shíwénxiānměijiànfènghuángxiáng

Now and then one hears immortal cranes cry; often one sees phoenixes wheel.

() is the particular word for a crane's cry. Cranes and phoenixes are the standard birds of the immortals, and their presence gives the same certification the earlier mountain- gave with its peaches and evergreens — except that this poem stops to expand on each.

xiānshíshēngzhènjiǔgāoxiāohànyuǎn xiānshíshēngzhènjiǔgāoxiāohànyuǎn

When the immortal cranes cry, the sound shakes the deep marsh, far as the heavens;

The line reaches back to the Book of Songs: 鶴鳴於九皋聲聞於天, "the crane cries in the deep marsh, and its voice is heard in heaven." 九皋 (jiǔ gāo) is that ninefold marsh and 霄漢 the high heavens. Quoting it is a way of saying that what happens in this hidden place is audible a very long way up.

fènghuángxiánglíngmáocǎiyúnguāng fènghuángxiánglíngmáocǎiyúnguāng

when the phoenixes rise in flight, their plumage glows five-coloured as the painted clouds.

(líng) is a feather, and the phoenix's plumage is 五色, five-coloured, glowing like painted cloud ( is the 維基文庫 reading against ).

xuányuánbái鹿suíyǐnxiànjīnshīxiàngrènxíngcáng xuányuánbái鹿suíyǐnxiànjīnshīxiàngrènxíngcáng

Black gibbons and white deer come and go at will; golden lions and jade elephants appear or hide as they please.

Black gibbons, white deer, golden lions, jade elephants — a menagerie no forest ever held. What matters is what they do: 隨隱見 and 任行藏, appearing and vanishing exactly as they please ( here xiàn, to appear; 行藏 xíng cáng, a set phrase for showing yourself or staying hidden). Even the animals here have the freedom the monkey came looking for.

guānlíngzhēnsàitiāntáng guānlíngzhēnsàitiāntáng

Look closely at this numinous, blessed land — it truly rivals heaven.

(sài) is to match or outdo, and 真個 is the 維基文庫 form of 真箇. The ends by declaring the place a rival to heaven — which, in a book where heaven is a real address with a real civil service, is a specific claim rather than a compliment.

yòujiàndòngménjǐnjìngqiāoqiāoyǎorén yòujiàndòngménjǐnjìngqiāoqiāoyǎorén

He saw, too, that the cave door was tightly shut, silent and still, with no trace of anyone.

And after all that, a shut door. 洞門緊閉, and 靜悄悄杳無人跡, silent and still, with no trace of anybody ( yǎo, vanished from sight). He has arrived, and nothing happens. It is the first obstacle in the chapter he cannot get past by jumping.

huítóujiàntóushíbēiyuēyǒusānzhànggāochǐkuò huítóujiàntóushíbēiyuēyǒusānzhànggāochǐkuò

Turning suddenly, he saw on the cliff-head a stone tablet, some three zhàng and more high and eight chǐ and more wide,

石碑 is a stele ( bēi), over three tall and eight wide (, "and more"; the units are left untranslated). Note the scale. This is a monument, not a signpost — and taller than the immortal stone he was born from.

shàngyǒuhángshínǎishìlíngtáifāngcùnshānxiéyuèsānxīngdòng」。 shàngyǒuhángshínǎishìlíngtáifāngcùnshānxiéyuèsānxīngdòng」。

and on it a single line of ten large characters, reading: 'Mountain of the Numinous Terrace and the Square Inch; Cave of the Slanting Moon and Three Stars.'

Ten characters in a single line ( here háng, a row of script, not xíng or héng). They are exactly the two names the woodcutter spoke. For the monkey this is confirmation; for the reader it is the riddle set out in stone — Heart Mountain, and the cave whose name draws the character .

měihóuwángshífēnhuāndào:「jiānrénguǒshìshíguǒyǒushāndòng。」 měihóuwángshífēnhuāndào:「jiānrénguǒshìshíguǒyǒushāndòng。」

The Handsome Monkey King was delighted: 'The folk here really are honest — there truly is such a mountain and such a cave!'

樸實 ( ) is plain and honest. His delight is disarmingly literal: not "I have reached the seat of the Way" but "the locals here don't tell lies." After a decade among people chasing money and rank, an honest set of directions genuinely impresses him.

kàngòuduōshígǎnqiāoménqiětiàoshàngsōngzhīshāotóuzhāisōngchīlewánshuǎ kàngòuduōshígǎnqiāoménqiětiàoshàngsōngzhīshāotóuzhāisōngchīlewánshuǎ

He gazed a good while but dared not knock; so he went and sprang up to the tip of a pine branch, picked pine seeds, ate them, and played.

不敢敲門 — he does not dare knock ( qiāo). The monkey who leapt blind through a waterfall and walked past tigers is frightened of a door. Then, because he is still himself, he climbs a pine, eats the seeds (松子, with in full tone ) and plays. Awe and appetite in a single sentence.

shǎoqǐngjiānzhǐtīngdeshēngdòngménkāichù shǎoqǐngjiānzhǐtīngdeshēngdòngménkāichù

After a little while, with a creak — yā! — the cave door opened,

少頃間 is "after a short while" ( qǐng), and 呀的一聲 writes the creak of the door as a sound ( ). Nobody knocked. The door opens because the master already knows.

miànzǒuchūxiāntóngzhēnfēng姿yīngwěixiàngmàoqīng miànzǒuchūxiāntóngzhēnfēng姿yīngwěixiàngmàoqīng

and out came an immortal lad, his bearing truly handsome and grand, his features fresh and rare,

丰姿英偉 is a fine, imposing bearing ( fēng, comely) and 像貌清奇 is a face out of the ordinary run. This is the doorman, and he looks like that.

xúnchángtóngdànjiàn xúnchángtóngdànjiàn

unlike any common mortal. Behold him:

俗子 is a worldly person — the sort the monkey has spent nine years among. 但見他 cues the verse portrait.

zhuāshuāngwǎnkuānpáoliǎngxiùfēng zhuāshuāngwǎnkuānpáoliǎngxiùfēng

A twin hair-knot bound with twin silk cords, a loose robe, wind in both sleeves.

髽髻 ( zhuā) is a doubled top-knot bound with silk cords ( wǎn, to tie up; the 維基文庫 reads 髽髻 against 鬢髻 elsewhere), and 寬袍兩袖風 is a loose robe with the wind in both sleeves. Exactly how a Daoist acolyte is drawn in every painting: nothing tight, nothing heavy.

màoshēnbiéxīnxiàngkōng màoshēnbiéxīnxiàngkōng

His face and form set him apart; heart and appearance alike are empty.

And then the portrait turns strange. 心與相俱空 — heart and outward form alike , empty ( xiàng, appearance). That is the Buddhist śūnyatā, emptiness, and it is being attributed to a boy who answers doors, in a Daoist grotto. The novel's mixing of traditions is nowhere more casual than here.

wàichángniánshānzhōngyǒngshòutóng wàichángniánshānzhōngyǒng寿shòutóng

A long-years guest beyond the world of things, an ever-living lad of the mountains.

物外 is outside the world of things, and 長年 ( cháng) and 永壽 both mean everliving. The doorman, in other words, is deathless. If that is the servant, the monkey must be thinking, what is the master?

chénquánrǎnjiǎrènfānténg chénquánrǎnjiǎrènfānténg

Not a speck of dust clings to him; he lets the cycling years tumble by.

一塵不染, "not a speck of dust clings," is still a current idiom for someone spotless — of hands as much as habits. And 甲子任翻騰 lets the sixty-year cycles tumble past without touching him (甲子 the cyclical count, in full tone; 翻騰, to roll over). Compare 山中無甲子 back on the monkey's own mountain. There, time was simply never counted. Here it is counted, and it does not matter.


總評 Commentary

After ten years of fruitless searching and two ocean crossings, the monkey reaches the master's gate, and Wú Chéng'ēn (吳承恩) marks the arrival with the most heavenly landscape in the chapter. The cave- drops the martial peaks and dragon-veins of the earlier mountain and takes up a register of pure transcendence: mist scattering colour, cranes whose cries reach heaven, phoenixes with five-coloured plumage, gibbons and deer and jade elephants coming and going as they please. Its closing line — 真個賽天堂, "it truly rivals heaven" — sets the cave on the border of the immortal realm. The seeker has crossed out of the human world.

The stone tablet, three high, carries the two riddling names the woodcutter spoke, and the monkey's reaction to it is disarmingly simple: "the folk here really are honest." Then comes a lovely human touch. The king who fears no tiger 不敢敲門, does not dare knock; instead he climbs a pine, eats its seeds and plays while he waits. The diffidence is new — a flicker of awe at the edge of something sacred — and the pine seeds are pure monkey, his ordinary nature surfacing at the gate of enlightenment.

The door opens by itself, and out steps an immortal lad whose verse portrait is soaked in the vocabulary of attainment: 心與相俱空, "heart and form alike empty"; 一塵不染, "not a speck of dust"; 甲子任翻騰, letting the years tumble by. That a doorkeeper should be described in terms of realised emptiness — a Buddhist in a Daoist cave — is the novel's syncretism in miniature, and it raises the stakes nicely. If the servant is deathless and spotless, what is the master? Andrew H. Plaks observes that thresholds of this kind — woodcutter, tablet, lad, and finally the patriarch — stage the seeker's approach as a passage through rising degrees of the sacred. The lad is the last of them. The next passage takes the monkey into the master's presence at last.